Oracle中 col 命令

COL命令：
主要格式化列的显示形式。
该命令有许多选项，具体如下：
COL[UMN] [{ column|expr} [ option ...]]
Option选项可以是如下的子句:
ALI[AS] alias
CLE[AR]
FOLD_A[FTER]
FOLD_B[EFORE]
FOR[MAT] format
HEA[DING] text
JUS[TIFY] {L[EFT]|C[ENTER]|C[ENTRE]|R[IGHT]}
LIKE { expr|alias}
NEWL[INE]
NEW_V[ALUE] variable
NOPRI[NT]|PRI[NT]
NUL[L] text
OLD_V[ALUE] variable
ON|OFF
WRA[PPED]|WOR[D_WRAPPED]|TRU[NCATED]

1). 改变缺省的列标题
COLUMN column_name HEADING column_heading /将列标题column_name 换为 column_heading
For example:
Sql>select * from dept;
    DEPTNO DNAME                      LOC
---------- ---------------------------- ---------
      10 ACCOUNTING                NEW YORK
sql>col   LOC heading location
sql>select * from dept;
DEPTNO DNAME                      location
--------- ---------------------------- -----------
       10 ACCOUNTING                NEW YORK

2). 将列名NAME改为新列名EMPLOYEE NAME并将新列名放在两行上：
Sql>select * from emp
Department   name           Salary
---------- ---------- ----------
      10 aaa             11
SQL> COLUMN ENAME HEADING ’Employee|Name’
Sql>select * from emp
         Employee
Department   name           Salary
---------- ---------- ----------
      10 aaa             11
note: the col heading turn into two lines from one line.

3). 改变列的显示长度：
FOR[MAT] format
Sql>select empno,ename,job from emp;
   EMPNO ENAME    JOB
---------- ----------    ---------
   7369 SMITH    CLERK
   7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN
7521 WARD    SALESMAN
Sql> col ename format a40
   EMPNO ENAME                                  JOB
---------- ----------------------------------------       ---------
   7369 SMITH                                  CLERK
   7499 ALLEN                                  SALESMAN
   7521 WARD                                  SALESMAN

4). 设置列标题的对齐方式
JUS[TIFY] {L[EFT]|C[ENTER]|C[ENTRE]|R[IGHT]}
SQL> col ename justify center
SQL> /
   EMPNO           ENAME                JOB
---------- ----------------------------------------    ---------
   7369 SMITH                                  CLERK
   7499 ALLEN                                  SALESMAN
7521 WARD                                  SALESMAN
对于NUMBER型的列，列标题缺省在右边，其它类型的列标题缺省在左边
5). 不让一个列显示在屏幕上
NOPRI[NT]|PRI[NT]
SQL> col job noprint
SQL> /
   EMPNO           ENAME
----------     ----------------------------------------
   7369 SMITH
   7499 ALLEN
7521 WARD

6). 格式化NUMBER类型列的显示：
SQL> COLUMN SAL FORMAT $99,990
SQL> /
Employee
Department Name        Salary Commission
---------- ---------- --------- ----------
30       ALLEN        $1,600 300

7). 显示列值时，如果列值为NULL值，用text值代替NULL值
COMM NUL[L] text
SQL>COL COMM NUL[L] text

8). 设置一个列的回绕方式
WRA[PPED]|WOR[D_WRAPPED]|TRU[NCATED]
       COL1
--------------------
HOW ARE YOU?

SQL>COL COL1 FORMAT A5
SQL>COL COL1 WRAPPED
COL1
-----
HOW A
RE YO
U?

SQL> COL COL1 WORD_WRAPPED
COL1
-----
HOW
ARE
YOU?

SQL> COL COL1 WORD_WRAPPED
COL1
-----
HOW A

9). 显示列的当前的显示属性值
SQL> COLUMN column_name /查看该列都设置了哪些格式属性

10). 将所有列的显示属性设为缺省值
SQL> CLEAR COLUMNS

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