Spring Cloud 微服务笔记（七） Zuul入门

Zuul入门

Zuul是从设备和网站到后端应用程序所有请求的前门，为内部服务提供可配置的对外URL到服务的

映射关系，基于JVM的后端路由器。其具备一下功能：

1）认证与授权

2）压力控制

3）金丝雀测试

4）动态路由

5）负载削减

7）静态响应处理

8）主动流量管理

1.入门案例

1)父pom.xml:

<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    
    <!--  利用传递依赖，公共部分  --> 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- springboot web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!-- 管理依赖 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <!--注意： 这里必须要添加，否则各种依赖有问题 -->
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

2.zuul-server依赖：

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
</dependencies>

3.主程序入口：

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ZuulServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

4.配置文件：

spring:
  application:
    name: zuul-server
server:
  port: 5555
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.host:127.0.0.1}:${eureka.port:8888}/eureka/
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
zuul:
  routes:
    client-a:
      path: /client/**     #将所有/client开头的URL映射到client-a这个服务中去，在请求的时候就可以不用请求实际的服务
      serviceId: client-a  #转而请求5555端口的Zuul服务组件，/client即一次服务路由规则