Apache shiro学习
这两天在学习java的权限管理方案。两个选择springsecurtiy和shiro。前者应用比较成熟，但是使用比较复杂，后者国内使用的似乎还不是很广泛，但是使用及学习起来相对简单。
通过学习springside的webmini中shiro使用，对其有了一定了解。
1shiro简单介绍。
1）springside的介绍https://github.com/springside/springside4/wiki/ShiroSecurity。
2）十分钟教程 http://shiro.apache.org/10-minute-tutorial.html
3）认证与授权 http://shiro.apache.org/guides.html
2 在权限管理系统中，基本做两项工作，认证（身份识别） 和 授权（权限判断）。
subject是领域对象的概念，也就是一个用户。用户对资源有权限。Realm通过编辑好的权限规则（可以为wildchar，也就是字符串）对subject进行权限判定。
3 spring web怎么使用呢。
1）web.xml中加入shiro.xml配置文件位置，shiro filter
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
classpath*:/applicationContext.xml
classpath*:/applicationContext-shiro.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Shiro Security filter-->
<filter>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
2 在shiro.xml配置文件中，配置Securitymanager、 Realm，shiroFilter过滤链，及其他东西
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd"
default-lazy-init="true">
<description>Shiro Configuration</description>
<!-- Shiro's main business-tier object for web-enabled applications -->
<bean id="securityManager" class="org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager" depends-on="userDao,groupDao">
<property name="realm" ref="shiroDbRealm" />
<property name="cacheManager" ref="cacheManager" />
</bean>
<!-- 項目自定义的Realm -->
<bean id="shiroDbRealm" class="org.springside.examples.miniweb.service.account.ShiroDbRealm">
<property name="accountManager" ref="accountManager"/>
</bean>
<!-- Shiro Filter -->
<bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean">
<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager" />
<property name="loginUrl" value="/login" />
<property name="successUrl" value="/account/user/" />
<property name="filterChainDefinitions">
<value>
/login = authc 这里用的是shiro自带的Filter，下边也是，
/logout = logout
/static/** = anon
/** = user
</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 用户授权信息Cache -->
<bean id="cacheManager" class="org.apache.shiro.cache.MemoryConstrainedCacheManager" />
<!-- 保证实现了Shiro内部lifecycle函数的bean执行 -->
<bean id="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.LifecycleBeanPostProcessor"/>
<!-- AOP式方法级权限检查 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator" depends-on="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor">
<property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true" />
</bean>
<bean class="org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor">
<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
</bean>
</beans>
3 编写 Realm
package org.springside.examples.miniweb.service.account;
import java.io.Serializable;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.cache.Cache;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.SimplePrincipalCollection;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springside.examples.miniweb.entity.account.Group;
import org.springside.examples.miniweb.entity.account.User;
/**
* 自实现用户与权限查询.
* 演示关系，密码用明文存储，因此使用默认 的SimpleCredentialsMatcher.
*/
public class ShiroDbRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
private AccountManager accountManager;
/**
* 认证回调函数, 登录时调用.
*/
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authcToken) throws AuthenticationException {
UsernamePasswordToken token = (UsernamePasswordToken) authcToken;
User user = accountManager.findUserByLoginName(token.getUsername());
if (user != null) {
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(new ShiroUser(user.getLoginName(), user.getName()), user.getPassword(),
getName());
} else {
return null;
}
}
/**
* 授权查询回调函数, 进行鉴权但缓存中无用户的授权信息时调用.
*/
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
ShiroUser shiroUser = (ShiroUser) principals.fromRealm(getName()).iterator().next();
User user = accountManager.findUserByLoginName(shiroUser.getLoginName());
if (user != null) {
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
for (Group group : user.getGroupList()) {
//基于Permission的权限信息
info.addStringPermissions(group.getPermissionList());
}
return info;
} else {
return null;
}
}
/**
* 更新用户授权信息缓存.
*/
public void clearCachedAuthorizationInfo(String principal) {
SimplePrincipalCollection principals = new SimplePrincipalCollection(principal, getName());
clearCachedAuthorizationInfo(principals);
}
/**
* 清除所有用户授权信息缓存.
*/
public void clearAllCachedAuthorizationInfo() {
Cache<Object, AuthorizationInfo> cache = getAuthorizationCache();
if (cache != null) {
for (Object key : cache.keys()) {
cache.remove(key);
}
}
}
@Autowired
public void setAccountManager(AccountManager accountManager) {
this.accountManager = accountManager;
}
/**
* 自定义Authentication对象，使得Subject除了携带用户的登录名外还可以携带更多信息.
*/
public static class ShiroUser implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -1748602382963711884L;
private String loginName;
private String name;
public ShiroUser(String loginName, String name) {
this.loginName = loginName;
this.name = name;
}
public String getLoginName() {
return loginName;
}
/**
* 本函数输出将作为默认的<shiro:principal/>输出.
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
return loginName;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
}
在使用过程中，对于方法可以采用注释的方法引入权限判断。
@RequiresPermissions("user:edit")
@RequestMapping(value = "update/{id}")
public String updateForm(Model model) {
model.addAttribute("allGroups", accountManager.getAllGroup());
return "account/userForm";
}
4基于注释的编程还不是很适应。