Maven 项目模板

Maven 使用 archetype(原型) 来创建自定义的项目结构，形成 Maven 项目模板。

在前面章节我们学到 Maven 使用下面的命令来快速创建 java 项目：

mvn archetype:generate

什么是 archetype？

archetype 也就是原型，是一个 Maven 插件，准确说是一个项目模板，它的任务是根据模板创建一个项目结构。我们将使用 quickstart 原型插件创建一个简单的 java 应用程序。

使用项目模板

让我们打开命令控制台，跳转到 C:\> MVN 目录并执行以下 mvn 命令:

C:\MVN> mvn archetype:generate

Maven 将开始处理，并要求选择所需的原型:

[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building Maven Default Project [INFO]task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Preparing archetype:generate ... 600: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-archetype (-) 601: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-secure-archetype (-) 602: remote -> org.tynamo:tynamo-archetype (-) 603: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicket-scala-archetype (-) 604: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicketstuff-scala-archetype Basic setup for a project that combines Scala and Wicket, depending on the Wicket-Scala project. Includes an example Specs test.) 605: remote -> org.wikbook:wikbook.archetype (-) 606: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-glassfish (-) 607: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-spring (-) 608: remote -> org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-component-archetype (Make it easy to create a maven project for creating XWiki Components.) 609: remote -> org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-archetype-macro (Make it easy to create a maven project for creating XWiki Rendering Macros.) 610: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-component (The ZK Component archetype) 611: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-webapp (The ZK wepapp archetype) 612: remote -> ru.circumflex:circumflex-archetype (-) 613: remote -> se.vgregion.javg.maven.archetypes:javg-minimal-archetype (-) 614: remote -> sk.seges.sesam:sesam-annotation-archetype (-) Choose a number or apply filter (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): 203:

按下 Enter 选择默认选项 (203:maven-archetype-quickstart)。

Maven 将询问原型的版本

Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version: 1: 1.0-alpha-1 2: 1.0-alpha-2 3: 1.0-alpha-3 4: 1.0-alpha-4 5: 1.0 6: 1.1 Choose a number: 6:

按下 Enter 选择默认选项 (6:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1)

Maven 将询问项目细节。按要求输入项目细节。如果要使用默认值则直接按 Enter 键。你也可以输入自己的值。

Define value for property 'groupId': : com.companyname.insurance Define value for property 'artifactId': : health Define value for property 'version': 1.0-SNAPSHOT Define value for property 'package': com.companyname.insurance

Maven 将要求确认项目细节，按 Enter 或按 Y

Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: com.companyname.insurance artifactId: health version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT package: com.companyname.insurance Y:

现在 Maven 将开始创建项目结构，显示如下:

[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1 [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: health [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\health [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 4 minutes 12 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Fri Jul 13 11:10:12 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 20M/90M [INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------------------

创建的项目

现在转到 C:\ > MVN 目录。你会看到一个名为 health 的 java 应用程序项目，就像在项目创建的时候建立的 artifactId 名称一样。 Maven 将创建一个有标准目录布局的项目，如下所示:

创建 pom.xml

Maven 为项目自动生成一个 pom.xml文件，如下所示:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
  http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.companyname.insurance</groupId>
  <artifactId>health</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <name>health</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
     <dependency>
     <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

App.java

Maven 会自动生成一个测试的 java 文件 App.java。

路径：C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\main\java\com\companyname\bank

package com.companyname.insurance;
 
/**
* Hello world!
*
*/
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        System.out.println( "Hello World!" );
    }
}

AppTest.java

Maven 会自动生成一个 java 文件 AppTest.java。

路径为： C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\test\java\com\companyname\bank

package com.companyname.insurance;
 
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
 
/**
* Unit test for simple App.
*/
public class AppTest 
   extends TestCase
{
   /**
   * Create the test case
   *
   * @param testName name of the test case
   */
  public AppTest( String testName )
  {
      super( testName );
  }
 
  /**
  * @return the suite of tests being tested
  */
  public static Test suite()
  {
      return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );
  }
 
  /**
  * Rigourous Test :-)
  */
  public void testApp()
  {
      assertTrue( true );
  }
}