SpringBoot2.X之旅,IOC( Web Project)

写一个Demo,总结一下我在SpringBoot2.X中使用IOC的方式。

一、开发基础,首先这个demo是在springboot web基础框架上建立的,搭建请参照SpringBoot2.X之旅,开篇 hello world(Web Project),在这个基础上引入lombok包,pom.xml配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.cobra</groupId>
    <artifactId>webdemo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>webdemo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <!--默认是jar包,编译成war包需要重新定义-->
    <!--<packaging>war</packaging>-->

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--@Slf4j、@Data的使用的依赖包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

二、Bean 的定义和注入使用方式之一:

1、在application.yml配置文件中添加信息:

user:
  username: 周伯通
  nickname: 老顽童
  age: 3
  emailAddress: [email protected]

2、新建config包,新建UserConfig类,@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "user")获取user信息,@Component定义并注入bean

package com.cobra.webdemo.config;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @Author: Baron
 * @Description:
 * @Date: Created in 2019/3/7 11:20
 */
@Data
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "user")
public class UserConfig {

    private String username;

    private String nickname;

    private Integer age;

    private String emailAddress;

}

3、bean的使用,在controller下新建UserController,@Autowired引入UserConfig的bean,定义获取user配置信息的get请求方法

package com.cobra.webdemo.controller;

import com.cobra.webdemo.config.UserConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author: Baron
 * @Description:
 * @Date: Created in 2019/3/6 23:27
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
@Slf4j
public class UserController {


    @Autowired
    private UserConfig userConfig;

    /**
     * 获取user的配置参数
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/info")
    public UserConfig getUserConfig() {
        log.info(userConfig.toString());
        return userConfig;
    }
    
}

4、启动,浏览器测试,:

三、Bean 的定义和注入使用方式之二:

1、在项目目录下新建vo包,新建类OrderVO

package com.cobra.webdemo.vo;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 * @Author: Baron
 * @Description:
 * @Date: Created in 2019/3/7 11:42
 */
@Data
public class OrderVO {

    private String orderId;

    private String username;

    private String email;

}

2、在config包下,新建OrderConfig类,@Autowired引入获取配置文件user信息,这里可以用另一个注解@Configuration定义并注入bean,@Bean注解返回OrderVO的方法:

package com.cobra.webdemo.config;

import com.cobra.webdemo.vo.OrderVO;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @Author: Baron
 * @Description:
 * @Date: Created in 2019/3/7 11:53
 */
@Configuration
public class OrderConfig {

    @Autowired
    private UserConfig userConfig;

    @Bean
    public OrderVO getOderVO(){
        OrderVO orderVO = new OrderVO();

        orderVO.setOrderId("123456789");
        orderVO.setUsername(userConfig.getUsername());
        orderVO.setEmail(userConfig.getEmailAddress());

        return orderVO;
    }
}

3、用@Autowired在UserController引入OrderVObean,定义获取orderVO的get方法:

package com.cobra.webdemo.controller;

import com.cobra.webdemo.config.UserConfig;
import com.cobra.webdemo.vo.OrderVO;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author: Baron
 * @Description:
 * @Date: Created in 2019/3/6 23:27
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
@Slf4j
public class UserController {


    @Autowired
    private UserConfig userConfig;

    @Autowired
    private OrderVO orderVO;

    /**
     * 获取user的配置参数
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/info")
    public UserConfig getUserConfig() {
        log.info(userConfig.toString());
        return userConfig;
    }

    /**
     * 获取OrderVO
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/order")
    public OrderVO getOrderVO(){
        log.info(orderVO.toString());
        return orderVO;
    }

}

4、启动程序,测试:

四、个人常用的IOC注解

1、定义注入bean:@Component、@Configuration、@RestController、@Controller、@Service、@Repository

2、引入bean:@Autowired、@Resource

     @Autowired默认按类型装配(这个注解是属业spring的),默认情况下必须要求依赖对象必须存在,如果要允许null值,可以设置它的required属性为false,如:@Autowired(required=false) ,如果我们想使用名称装配可以结合@Qualifier注解进行使用;

     @Resource(这个注解属于J2EE的),默认按照名称进行装配,名称可以通过name属性进行指定,如果没有指定name属性,当注解写在字段上时,默认取字段名进行安装名称查找,如果注解写在setter方法上默认取属性名进行装配。当找不到与名称匹配的bean时才按照类型进行装配。但是需要注意的是,如果name属性一旦指定,就只会按照名称进行装配。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_37138899/article/details/88291345