C# 反射（Reflection）
反射指程序可以访问、检测和修改它本身状态或行为的一种能力。
程序集包含模块，而模块包含类型，类型又包含成员。反射则提供了封装程序集、模块和类型的对象。
您可以使用反射动态地创建类型的实例，将类型绑定到现有对象，或从现有对象中获取类型。然后，可以调用类型的方法或访问其字段和属性。
优缺点
优点：
- 1、反射提高了程序的灵活性和扩展性。
- 2、降低耦合性，提高自适应能力。
- 3、它允许程序创建和控制任何类的对象，无需提前硬编码目标类。
缺点：
- 1、性能问题：使用反射基本上是一种解释操作，用于字段和方法接入时要远慢于直接代码。因此反射机制主要应用在对灵活性和拓展性要求很高的系统框架上，普通程序不建议使用。
- 2、使用反射会模糊程序内部逻辑；程序员希望在源代码中看到程序的逻辑，反射却绕过了源代码的技术，因而会带来维护的问题，反射代码比相应的直接代码更复杂。
以上来自菜鸟教程解释
假如我需要让代码自动识别并执行dll里面所有的方法，这个时候就可以用到c#反射；
1.先用C#写个简单的UI，效果图如下：
代码部分
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading;
namespace BojayUI
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void buttonOpenPort_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.buttonClosePort.Enabled = true;
this.buttonOpenPort.Enabled = false;
this.buttonOpenProfile.Enabled = true;
//this.buttonBojay.Enabled = true;
MessageBox.Show("OpenPort finish!");
}
private void buttonClosePort_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.buttonClosePort.Enabled = false;
this.buttonOpenPort.Enabled = true;
this.buttonOpenProfile.Enabled = false;
//this.buttonBojay.Enabled = false;
MessageBox.Show("ClosePort finish!");
}
private void buttonOpenFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
OpenProfileDialog.InitialDirectory = "C:\\";
OpenProfileDialog.Filter = "Dynamic Link Library (*.dll)|*.dll|Text Document (*.txt)|*.txt|Comma-Separated Values (*.csv)|*.csv|All files (*.*)|*.*";
if (this.OpenProfileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
this.textBoxProfilePath.Text = OpenProfileDialog.FileName;
//save the file……
//system.io.streamreader sr = new system.io.streamreader(openfiledialog1.filename);
//this.textbox1.text = sr.readtoend();
//sr.close();
}
}
private void textBoxProfilePath_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void button_start_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//******************执行所有类所有函数**************************//
string path = this.textBoxProfilePath.Text;
//string path = @"C:\Users\bojay\Desktop\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1\bin\x86\Debug\ClassLibrary1.dll";
//加载dll文件
Assembly asm = Assembly.LoadFile(path);
//正则表达式匹配
string pattern = @"\w*\.";
Match match = Regex.Match(path, pattern);
//string[] StrArray_dll = path.Split(new string[] { "\\" }, StringSplitOptions.None);
//string StrArray_namespace = StrArray_dll[StrArray_dll.Length - 1];
//string[] String_class = StrArray_namespace.Split(new string[] { ".dl" }, StringSplitOptions.None);
Type[] T = asm.GetTypes();
for (int i = 0; i < T.Length; i++)
{
//********************c#****************************
//Type type_1 = asm.GetType(T[i].Name);
//string final_str = String_class[0] + "." + T[i].Name;
string namespace_class = match.Value + T[i].Name;
//获取类
Type type = asm.GetType(namespace_class);
//创建该类的实例
object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(type);
MethodInfo[] methods = type.GetMethods();
try
{
//c#：method.Length-4
//c++：method.Length-5
for (int index = 0; index < methods.Length - 4; index++)
{
MethodInfo mf = type.GetMethod(methods[index].Name);
mf.Invoke(obj, null);
//**************dll--function return value and parameters***************//
//object result = mf.Invoke(obj, null);
//Console.WriteLine(result);
//ParameterInfo[] para = me.GetParameters();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
//****************************************************************//
//****************************************************************//
Type temp_type = asm.GetType(match.Value + T[0].Name);
object temp_obj = Activator.CreateInstance(temp_type);
//FieldInfo[] pi = temp_type.GetFields();
//get min
FieldInfo Minlimit = temp_type.GetField("Minlimit");
string str_min = Minlimit.GetValue(temp_obj).ToString();
//get max
FieldInfo Maxlimit = temp_type.GetField("Maxlimit");
string str_max = Maxlimit.GetValue(temp_obj).ToString();
//scope
this.label_dll1scop.Text = str_min + " < X < " + str_max;
//get target data
string line;
using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader("common.txt"))
{
if ((line = sr.ReadLine()) != null)
{
this.label_dll1Data.Text = line;
}
}
int MIN = Convert.ToInt32(str_min);
int MAX = Convert.ToInt32(str_max);
int Target = Convert.ToInt32(line);
if (MIN < Target && Target < MAX)
{
this.label_dll1Result.BackColor = Color.Green;
this.label_dll1Result.Text = "PASS";
}
else
{
this.label_dll1Result.BackColor = Color.Red;
this.label_dll1Result.Text = "Fail";
}
//this.label_dll1scop.Text = "1.0 < X < 100.0";
//this.label_dll1Data.Text = "9.0";
//this.label_dll1Result.BackColor = Color.Green;
//this.label_dll1Result.Text = "PASS";
//Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
namespace BojayUI
{
partial class Form1
{
/// <summary>
/// Required designer variable.
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
/// <summary>
/// Clean up any resources being used.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
{
components.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
#region Windows Form Designer generated code
/// <summary>
/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.tabControl1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabControl();
this.tabPage1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabPage();
this.buttonOpenProfile = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.textBoxProfilePath = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.labelProfilePath = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.buttonClosePort = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.buttonOpenPort = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.tabPage2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabPage();
this.button_start = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.label_dll1scop = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label_dll1Data = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label_dll1Result = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label_dll1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.OpenProfileDialog = new System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog();
this.tabControl1.SuspendLayout();
this.tabPage1.SuspendLayout();
this.tabPage2.SuspendLayout();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// tabControl1
//
this.tabControl1.Controls.Add(this.tabPage1);
this.tabControl1.Controls.Add(this.tabPage2);
this.tabControl1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 38);
this.tabControl1.Name = "tabControl1";
this.tabControl1.SelectedIndex = 0;
this.tabControl1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(776, 386);
this.tabControl1.TabIndex = 0;
//
// tabPage1
//
this.tabPage1.Controls.Add(this.buttonOpenProfile);
this.tabPage1.Controls.Add(this.textBoxProfilePath);
this.tabPage1.Controls.Add(this.labelProfilePath);
this.tabPage1.Controls.Add(this.buttonClosePort);
this.tabPage1.Controls.Add(this.buttonOpenPort);
this.tabPage1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(4, 22);
this.tabPage1.Name = "tabPage1";
this.tabPage1.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3);
this.tabPage1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(768, 360);
this.tabPage1.TabIndex = 0;
this.tabPage1.Text = "Setting";
this.tabPage1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
//
// buttonOpenProfile
//
this.buttonOpenProfile.Enabled = false;
this.buttonOpenProfile.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(662, 73);
this.buttonOpenProfile.Name = "buttonOpenProfile";
this.buttonOpenProfile.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 23);
this.buttonOpenProfile.TabIndex = 4;
this.buttonOpenProfile.Text = "OpenProfile";
this.buttonOpenProfile.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.buttonOpenProfile.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonOpenFile_Click);
//
// textBoxProfilePath
//
this.textBoxProfilePath.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(132, 76);
this.textBoxProfilePath.Name = "textBoxProfilePath";
this.textBoxProfilePath.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(502, 21);
this.textBoxProfilePath.TabIndex = 3;
this.textBoxProfilePath.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.textBoxProfilePath_TextChanged);
//
// labelProfilePath
//
this.labelProfilePath.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(((int)(((byte)(255)))), ((int)(((byte)(224)))), ((int)(((byte)(192)))));
this.labelProfilePath.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(6, 75);
this.labelProfilePath.Name = "labelProfilePath";
this.labelProfilePath.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 23);
this.labelProfilePath.TabIndex = 2;
this.labelProfilePath.Text = "ProfilePath";
this.labelProfilePath.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
//
// buttonClosePort
//
this.buttonClosePort.Enabled = false;
this.buttonClosePort.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(662, 6);
this.buttonClosePort.Name = "buttonClosePort";
this.buttonClosePort.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 23);
this.buttonClosePort.TabIndex = 1;
this.buttonClosePort.Text = "ClosePort";
this.buttonClosePort.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.buttonClosePort.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonClosePort_Click);
//
// buttonOpenPort
//
this.buttonOpenPort.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(6, 6);
this.buttonOpenPort.Name = "buttonOpenPort";
this.buttonOpenPort.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 23);
this.buttonOpenPort.TabIndex = 0;
this.buttonOpenPort.Text = "OpenPort";
this.buttonOpenPort.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.buttonOpenPort.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonOpenPort_Click);
//
// tabPage2
//
this.tabPage2.Controls.Add(this.button_start);
this.tabPage2.Controls.Add(this.label_dll1scop);
this.tabPage2.Controls.Add(this.label_dll1Data);
this.tabPage2.Controls.Add(this.label_dll1Result);
this.tabPage2.Controls.Add(this.label_dll1);
this.tabPage2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(4, 22);
this.tabPage2.Name = "tabPage2";
this.tabPage2.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3);
this.tabPage2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(768, 360);
this.tabPage2.TabIndex = 1;
this.tabPage2.Text = "Work";
this.tabPage2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
//
// button_start
//
this.button_start.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(645, 273);
this.button_start.Name = "button_start";
this.button_start.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(107, 73);
this.button_start.TabIndex = 4;
this.button_start.Text = "Start";
this.button_start.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.button_start.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button_start_Click);
//
// label_dll1scop
//
this.label_dll1scop.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Silver;
this.label_dll1scop.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(514, 14);
this.label_dll1scop.Name = "label_dll1scop";
this.label_dll1scop.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(238, 27);
this.label_dll1scop.TabIndex = 3;
this.label_dll1scop.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
//
// label_dll1Data
//
this.label_dll1Data.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Silver;
this.label_dll1Data.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(326, 14);
this.label_dll1Data.Name = "label_dll1Data";
this.label_dll1Data.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(182, 27);
this.label_dll1Data.TabIndex = 2;
this.label_dll1Data.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
//
// label_dll1Result
//
this.label_dll1Result.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Silver;
this.label_dll1Result.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(242, 14);
this.label_dll1Result.Name = "label_dll1Result";
this.label_dll1Result.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(78, 27);
this.label_dll1Result.TabIndex = 1;
this.label_dll1Result.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
//
// label_dll1
//
this.label_dll1.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Silver;
this.label_dll1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(54, 14);
this.label_dll1.Name = "label_dll1";
this.label_dll1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(182, 27);
this.label_dll1.TabIndex = 0;
this.label_dll1.Text = "GetValue_FromDll1Text";
this.label_dll1.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
//
// label1
//
this.label1.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(((int)(((byte)(128)))), ((int)(((byte)(255)))), ((int)(((byte)(255)))));
this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 13);
this.label1.Name = "label1";
this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(776, 13);
this.label1.TabIndex = 1;
this.label1.Text = "Bojay Common UI V1.0";
this.label1.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
//
// label2
//
this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 426);
this.label2.Name = "label2";
this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(776, 23);
this.label2.TabIndex = 2;
this.label2.Text = "Developed by Tony";
this.label2.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
//
// OpenProfileDialog
//
this.OpenProfileDialog.FileName = "OpenProfileDialog";
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.AutoValidate = System.Windows.Forms.AutoValidate.Disable;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(800, 450);
this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
this.Controls.Add(this.tabControl1);
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "DEMO_UI";
this.tabControl1.ResumeLayout(false);
this.tabPage1.ResumeLayout(false);
this.tabPage1.PerformLayout();
this.tabPage2.ResumeLayout(false);
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
#endregion
private System.Windows.Forms.TabControl tabControl1;
private System.Windows.Forms.TabPage tabPage1;
private System.Windows.Forms.TabPage tabPage2;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonOpenPort;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonClosePort;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonOpenProfile;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBoxProfilePath;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label labelProfilePath;
private System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog OpenProfileDialog;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label_dll1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label_dll1scop;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label_dll1Data;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label_dll1Result;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button_start;
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace BojayUI
{
static class Program
{
/// <summary>
/// The main entry point for the application.
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
}
}
2.C#写个dll
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;
namespace ClassLibrary1
{
public class Common
{
public int Maxlimit = 99;
public int Minlimit = 1;
public int common = 0;
}
public class Class1:Common
{
public void WriteFile()
{
int temp = this.common+5;
using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter("common.txt"))
{
sw.WriteLine(temp);
}
}
}
}
3.运行UI，加载dll路径
4.执行dll所有类里面的所有方法和属性
5.结果pass，说明该dll里面的函数功能运行结果达到我们的要求；当然啦，这个dll里面只是简单的通过文件写读，将某个目标值进行判断而已，而且我们还需要定义某个公用的类Common，及对应公用属性Maxlimit、Minlimit、common
总结：
<1>dll的C#代码里的namespace命名空间必须和dll文件名一致，因为我们进行匹配的时候只是匹配dll文件名；当然，我们也可以有更好的方法，例如将dll命名空间保持不变，这样我们还不需要对dll路径进行解析
<2>解析字符串的方式可以用正则，也可以用split等较为通俗简便的方法，但可能步骤会稍微多点，建议能用正则还是用正则
<3>dll是用C#写的，可以考虑能否写个.net 平台的C++dll