Spring代码分析一:加载与初始化

 

转载地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/bobzeng/articles/1877140.html

一般的Web项目都会在web.xml中加入Spring监听器,内容如下:

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< listener >
         < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class >
</ listener >
 
< context-param >
         < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
         < param-value >classpath*:applicationContext-struts.xml,classpath*:spring/applicationContext.xml</ param-value >
</ context-param >

我们的问题是,Spring是何时以及如何加载我们的配置文件来初始化Bean工厂的,带着这些问题,我们展开研究:

我们先来看看web.xml中配置的监听器的类,来回答我们的问题,Spring是何时来加载我们的配置文件的:

org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

image

它继承了javax.servlet.ServletContextListener接口。

ServletContextListener是J2EE Servlet API中的一个标准接口,

它能够监听ServletContext对象的生命周期,实际上就是监听Web应用的生命周期。

当Servlet容器启动或终止Web应用时,会触发ServletContextEvent事件,该事件由ServletContextListener来处理。

 

这里面有两个方法我们比较感兴趣:

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/**
  * Create the ContextLoader to use. Can be overridden in subclasses.
  * @return the new ContextLoader
  */
protected  ContextLoader createContextLoader() {
       return  new  ContextLoader();
}

这个方法构造一个默认的ContextLoader,ContextLoader可以理解为Spring上下文的加载器。之所以这样去定义这样一个类,是为了开发人员进行重写此方法来使用一个自定义的Spring上下文的加载器。

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/**
  * Initialize the root web application context.
  */
public  void  contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
      this .contextLoader = createContextLoader();
      this .contextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}

这个方法很简单,仅仅只是调用了createContextLoader()构造了ContextLoader,并调用其初始化方法。

由此,我们可以得出结论,Spring是在Web项目启动时,通过ServletContextListener机制,来加载以及初始化Spring上下文的。

 

下面,我们好好研究一下Spring是如何加载其上下文的:

我们先定位ContextLoader类。

image

看看此类的initWebApplicationContext()方法(省略了不重要的语句)

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/**
  * Initialize Spring's web application context for the given servlet context,
  * according to the "{@link #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM contextClass}" and
  * "{@link #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM contextConfigLocation}" context-params.
  * @param servletContext current servlet context
  * @return the new WebApplicationContext
  * @throws IllegalStateException if there is already a root application context present
  * @throws BeansException if the context failed to initialize
  * @see #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM
  * @see #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM
  */
public  WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext)
         throws  IllegalStateException, BeansException {
     if  (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null ) {
             throw  new  IllegalStateException(
                     "Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - "  +
                     "check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!" );
     }
     try  {
         // Determine parent for root web application context, if any.
         ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
 
         // Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
         // it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
         this .context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext, parent);
         servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this .context);
         currentContextPerThread.put(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(), this .context);
 
         return  this .context;
     } catch  (RuntimeException ex) {
         logger.error( "Context initialization failed" , ex);
         servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
         throw  ex;
     } catch  (Error err) {
         logger.error( "Context initialization failed" , err);
         servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
         throw  err;
     }
}

其中的有两句比较重要,我们来看看:

ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);

这个方法的用途主要是用来解决Spring共享环境的,即,如果我们有多个WAR包部署在同一个服务器上,而且这些WAR都共享某一套业务逻辑层。如何共享一套业务逻辑包配置而不要每个WAR都单独配置,这时我们就可能需要Spring的共享环境了。

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protected  ApplicationContext loadParentContext(ServletContext servletContext) throws  BeansException {
     ApplicationContext parentContext = null ;
     // 从web.xml中读取父工厂的配置文件,默认为:"classpath*:beanRefContext.xml"
     String locatorFactorySelector = servletContext.getInitParameter(LOCATOR_FACTORY_SELECTOR_PARAM);
 
     // 从web.xml中读取父类工厂的名称
     String parentContextKey = servletContext.getInitParameter(LOCATOR_FACTORY_KEY_PARAM);
 
     if  (parentContextKey != null ) {
         // locatorFactorySelector may be null, indicating the default "classpath*:beanRefContext.xml"
         BeanFactoryLocator locator = ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator.getInstance(locatorFactorySelector);
         this .parentContextRef = locator.useBeanFactory(parentContextKey);
         parentContext = (ApplicationContext) this .parentContextRef.getFactory();
     }
 
     return  parentContext;
}

现在我们引入BeanFactoryLocator,它是Spring配置文件的一个定位器,Spring官方给它的定义是用来查找,使用和释放一个BeanFactory或其子类的接口。下面我们看看此图:

image

ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator.getInstance(locatorFactorySelector);

是根据参数locatorFactorySelector去一个单例工厂中去拿一个对应的BeanFactoryLocator,也即,如果工厂中没有对 应于locatorFactorySelector的BeanFactoryLocator对象,那就返回一个新的BeanFactoryLocator 实例(这里是ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator的实例),否则,就从工厂里取现有的 BeanFactoryLocator对象。

ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator里维护了一个静态的Map对象instances,每次需要新增 BeanFactoryLocator实例时都会更新这个Map对象,这个Map对象是以配置文件名为KEY,BeanFactoryLocator对象 为值。原因很简单,就是希望同一个配置文件只被初始化一次。

如果没有在web.xml中定义locatorFactorySelector这个参数,父环境的配置文件默认使用:"classpath*:beanRefContext.xml"

 

this.parentContextRef = locator.useBeanFactory(parentContextKey);

此方法定义在SingletonBeanFactoryLocator类中,同样是一个单例工厂模式,判断传入的参数parentContextKey对 应的BeanFactory是否有被初始化,经过上面的 ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator.getInstance(locatorFactorySelector)指定 Spring父环境配置文件,这个方法判断指定的父环境是否被初始化,如果有则返回,没有就进行初始化。看看此方法的实现:

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public  BeanFactoryReference useBeanFactory(String factoryKey) throws  BeansException {
     synchronized  ( this .bfgInstancesByKey) {
         BeanFactoryGroup bfg = (BeanFactoryGroup) this .bfgInstancesByKey.get( this .resourceLocation);
 
         if  (bfg != null ) {
             bfg.refCount++;
         } else  {
             // Create the BeanFactory but don't initialize it.
             BeanFactory groupContext = createDefinition( this .resourceLocation, factoryKey);
 
             // Record its existence now, before instantiating any singletons.
             bfg = new  BeanFactoryGroup();
             bfg.definition = groupContext;
             bfg.refCount = 1 ;
             this .bfgInstancesByKey.put( this .resourceLocation, bfg);
             this .bfgInstancesByObj.put(groupContext, bfg);
 
             // Now initialize the BeanFactory. This may cause a re-entrant invocation
             // of this method, but since we've already added the BeanFactory to our
             // mappings, the next time it will be found and simply have its
             // reference count incremented.
             try  {
                 initializeDefinition(groupContext);
             } catch  (BeansException ex) {
                 this .bfgInstancesByKey.remove( this .resourceLocation);
                 this .bfgInstancesByObj.remove(groupContext);
                 throw  new  BootstrapException( "Unable to initialize group definition. "  +
                     "Group resource name ["  + this .resourceLocation + "], factory key ["  + factoryKey + "]" , ex);
             }
         }
 
         try  {
             BeanFactory beanFactory = null ;
             if  (factoryKey != null ) {
                 beanFactory = (BeanFactory) bfg.definition.getBean(factoryKey, BeanFactory. class );
             } else  if  (bfg.definition instanceof  ListableBeanFactory) {
                 beanFactory = (BeanFactory) BeanFactoryUtils.beanOfType((ListableBeanFactory) bfg.definition, BeanFactory. class );
             } else  {
                 throw  new  IllegalStateException(
                     "Factory key is null, and underlying factory is not a ListableBeanFactory: "  + bfg.definition);
             }
             return  new  CountingBeanFactoryReference(beanFactory, bfg.definition);
          } catch  (BeansException ex) {
              throw  new  BootstrapException( "Unable to return specified BeanFactory instance: factory key ["  +
                     factoryKey + "], from group with resource name ["  + this .resourceLocation + "]" , ex);
          }
 
     }
}

此方法分为两作了两件事,

第一,初始化上下文,主意这里初始化的是从web.xml配置参数里的Spring配置文件,也是上面讲loadParentContext方法里的

BeanFactoryLocator locator = ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator.getInstance(locatorFactorySelector);

这句指定的参数。这里初始化的是这个配置文件所有Bean。我们指定的factoryKey对应的Bean也是其中之一。

 

第二,从已经初始化的Spring上下文环境中获取Spring父环境。

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< beans
      < bean  id = "factoryBeanId"  class = "org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext"
          < constructor-arg
                 < list
                      < value >sharebean.xml</ value
                 </ list
          </ constructor-arg
      </ bean >
      < bean  id = "factoryBeanId2"  class = "org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext"
          < constructor-arg
                 < list
                      < value >sharebean2.xml</ value
                 </ list
          </ constructor-arg
      </ bean >
</ beans >
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<!—========================= web.xml ========================= --> 
< context-param
         < param-name >locatorFactorySelector</ param-name
         < param-value >beanRefFactory.xml</ param-value
</ context-param
 
< context-param
         < param-name >parentContextKey</ param-name
         < param-value >factoryBeanId</ param-value
</ context-param >

这个一个典型的构造父环境的配置,web项目在启动的时候就会发现里面有Spring父环境的配置,那么Spring首先就会生成一个对应的配置文件为 beanRefFactory.xml的BeanFactory(web.xml中的locatorFactorySelector参数指定),同时 Spring在解析的时候,会发现factoryBeanId的配置同样为BeanFacotry(beanRefFactory.xml中 factoryBeanId对应的Bean),所以Spring在拿父环境时就会写成:

beanFactory = (BeanFactory) bfg.definition.getBean(factoryKey, BeanFactory.class);

 

方法实现里引入了BeanFactoryGroup类。类的结构很简单

image

refCount:用来记录实例被外部引用的记数,当调用locator.useBeanFactory(parentContextKey)方法时,引 用数就会加1,当调用CountingBeanFactoryReference#release方法时,引用数就会减1,当它变成0时,Spring就 会释放掉它占用的内存,同时也会销毁掉它definition变量引用的BeanFactory。下次再调用 locator.useBeanFactory(parentContextKey)就会重新初始化BeanFactory。说到release,请同学 们参考ContextLoader中如下的两条语句:

// 在调用CountingBeanFactoryReference#release后,即使对象已经销毁,这个Map仍然可以返回locator对象。

BeanFactoryLocator locator = ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator.getInstance(locatorFactorySelector);

// 如果对象已经销毁,再调用此方法会再一次初始化BeanFactory 
this.parentContextRef = locator.useBeanFactory(parentContextKey);

 

bfgInstancesByKey:一个Map对象,以配置文件名为Key,配置文件解析后生成的BeanFactory构成的BeanFactoryGroup为值。

bfgInstancesByObj:一个Map对象,以BeanFactoryGroup.definitiion为Key,以 BeanFactoryGroup为值。这个对象主要还是在CountingBeanFactoryReference#release时使用。

 

 

下面,我看再看看另一个地方:

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if  (parentContextKey != null ) {
       // locatorFactorySelector may be null, indicating the default "classpath*:beanRefContext.xml"
       BeanFactoryLocator locator = ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator.getInstance(locatorFactorySelector);
       this .parentContextRef = locator.useBeanFactory(parentContextKey);
       parentContext = (ApplicationContext) this .parentContextRef.getFactory();
}
BeanFactoryLocator locator = ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator.getInstance(locatorFactorySelector);

上面这句仅仅是做了如下工作:

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BeanFactoryLocator bfl = (BeanFactoryLocator) instances.get(resourceLocation);
if  (bfl == null ) {
        // 仅仅只是设置了ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator里的resourceLocation属性的值,并没有初始化工厂。
         bfl = new  ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator(resourceLocation);
        instances.put(resourceLocation, bfl);
}

而我们使用工厂模式的时候,一般是把对象初始化好了,再给外部使用,为什么Spring这里要多此一举,在调用getInstance这后还要去调用useBeanFactory来初始化父环境?为什么Spring开发者不写成如下:

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BeanFactoryLocator bfl = (BeanFactoryLocator) instances.get(resourceLocation);
if  (bfl == null ) {
         bfl = new  ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator(resourceLocation);
         // 下面这句可能换成 initBeanFactory 类似语句,这里只是打个比方
          bfl.useBeanFactory(parentContextKey);
         instances.put(resourceLocation, bfl);
}

本来我认为这个写法是必须的,后来想想也不是,不过这里体现了Spring的灵活设计。如果按排上面的方法进行改造有几点不妥,1,每次都会初始化,开销 比较大,可能有需求是需要延迟初始化的。2,每次都需要初始化都需要传入两个参数,分别为:配置文件名与父工厂名,3,类职责混乱,比如一个配置文件中可 能定义了多个父环境的Bean,采用Spring这种方法是很清晰的:

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// 返回BeanFactoryLocator方便定位某个配置文件。
BeanFactoryLocator locator = ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator.getInstance(“classpath*: parentBeanFactory.xml”);
parentContextRef1 = locator.useBeanFactory( "parent1Key" );
parentContextRef2 = locator.useBeanFactory( "parent2Key" );

而使用我们改造的方法,则要写成如下:

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parentContextRef1 = ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator.getInstance( "parentBeanFactory.xml" , "parent1Key" );
parentContextRef2 = ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator.getInstance( "parentBeanFactory.xml" , "parent2Key" );

相当麻烦且无语,引用了也只是这个配置文件中的某一个Bean的引用,没什么意义。

这就是为什么BeanFactoryLocator接口存在的一个原因,用于查找某个配置文件中的一个BeanFactory。

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public  interface  BeanFactoryLocator {
         BeanFactoryReference useBeanFactory(String factoryKey) throws  BeansException;
}

this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext, parent);

我们来看看这个函数做了些什么:

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protected  WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(
             ServletContext servletContext, ApplicationContext parent) throws  BeansException {
        // 获得需要实例化的CONTEXT类名,确定ContextClass的类型。如果在web.xml中配置了contextClass这个parameter,
         // 使用这个指定的类作为ContextClass,会抛出ClassNotFound的异常。反之,使用默认的XmlWebApplicationContext
         Class contextClass = determineContextClass(servletContext);
 
         // 所有的WebApplicationContext必须实现ConfigurableWebApplicationContext接口
         if  (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext. class .isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
             throw  new  ApplicationContextException( "Custom context class ["  + contextClass.getName() +
                     "] is not of type ["  + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext. class .getName() + "]" );
         }
 
         ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
                 (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
 
        // 设置父环境
         wac.setParent(parent);
        // 设置Servlet上下文环境
         wac.setServletContext(servletContext);
        // 设置Spring配置文件路径
         wac.setConfigLocation(servletContext.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM));
        customizeContext(servletContext, wac);
        wac.refresh();
 
        return  wac;
}
 
protected  Class determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) throws  ApplicationContextException {
        // 获得需要实例化的CONTEXT类名,在web.xml中有设置,如果没有设置,那么为空
         String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
        if  (contextClassName != null ) {
            try  {
                 return  ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName);
             } catch  (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                 throw  new  ApplicationContextException( "Failed to load custom context class." , ex);
             }
        } else  {
 
            //如果在spring web.xml中没有设置context类位置,那么取得默认context
            //取得defaultStrategies配置文件中的WebApplicationContext属性 
             contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext. class .getName());
            try  {
                 return  ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader. class .getClassLoader());
            } catch  (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                 throw  new  ApplicationContextException( "Failed to load default context class." , ex);
            }
        }
}
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private  static  final  String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "ContextLoader.properties" ;
 
static  {
      // Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
      // This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
      // by application developers.
      try  {
          ClassPathResource resource = new  ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, ContextLoader. class );
          defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
      } catch  (IOException ex) {
          throw  new  IllegalStateException( "Could not load 'ContextLoader.properties': "  + ex.getMessage());
      }
}

// 在ContextLoader.properties里定义如下

org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext

再来看看Spring是如果进行初始化ApplicationContext的。就以XmlWebApplicationContext来说,它继承了 ConfigurableWebApplicationContext这个接口,里面有个refresh()方法,我们可以看看它的实现 (AbstractApplicationContext):

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public  void  refresh() throws  BeansException, IllegalStateException {
         synchronized  ( this .startupShutdownMonitor) {
             // Prepare this context for refreshing.
             prepareRefresh();
 
             // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
             ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
 
             // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
             prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
 
             try  {
                 // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
                 postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
 
                 // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
                 invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
 
                 // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
                 registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
 
                 // Initialize message source for this context.
                 initMessageSource();
 
                 // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
                 initApplicationEventMulticaster();
 
                 // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
                 onRefresh();
 
                 // Check for listener beans and register them.
                 registerListeners();
 
                 // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
                 finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
 
                 // Last step: publish corresponding event.
                 finishRefresh();
             catch  (BeansException ex) {
                 // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
                 beanFactory.destroySingletons();
 
                 // Reset 'active' flag.
                 cancelRefresh(ex);
 
                 // Propagate exception to caller.
                 throw  ex;
             }
         }
}

这个方法的实现由于涉及的东西比较多,比较国际化,事件等等,等我们理解了后续的源代码分析之后再重新过来进行研究。这样效率更高点。

这样关于Spring在web项目中加载及初始化的方式我们大概也了解的比较清楚了,我们可以看到,Spring就第一步,加载都已经做了很多工作,不得不佩服Spring团队的智慧。

 

最后,Spring加载完成之前,会将ApplicationContext放入ServletContext中,方便程序进行访问。

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servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this .context);
currentContextPerThread.put(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(), this .context);

其中WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE定义如下:

String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";

 

Spring环境

加载组件:ContextLoaderListener

配置路径:Servlet环境初始化参数contextConfigLocation指定的路径

缺省路径: 没有缺省路径

 

Spring环境的父环境

加载组件:ContextLoaderListener和ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator

配置路径:Servlet环境初始化参数locatorFactorySelector指定Bean工厂定位器使用的给BeanFactory,Servlet环境初始化参数parentContextKey指定Bean工厂定位器用于查找BeanFactory的关键字

缺省路径: parentContextKey的缺省路径是classpath*:beanRefFactory.xml

 

这里我们还有一个功能相近的类没有进行说明:

ContextJndiBeanFactoryLocator

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转载自yourenyouyu2008.iteye.com/blog/2015510