开源PocketSphinx语音识别系统


转载本文
语音识别的基础知识与CMUsphinx介绍:
http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/article/details/7941585
PocketSphinx语音识别系统的编译、安装和使用:
http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/article/details/7942784
PocketSphinx语音识别系统语言模型的训练和声学模型的改进:
http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/article/details/7949126
PocketSphinx语音识别系统声学模型的训练与使用
http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/article/details/7962382

本文主要实现PocketSphinx语音识别系统的编程使用,主要分两个方面,一个是编程解码语音文件(主要参考CMU sphinx的wiki:http://cmusphinx.sourceforge.net/wiki/),二是编程识别麦克风的语音(主要参考PocketSphinx源码包里的pocketsphinx.c文件)。对于后面加入我的人机交互系统的话,采用的是识别麦克风的语音的编程,具体使用时还需要对其进行精简。

一、编程解码语音文件

1、编程

#include <pocketsphinx.h>  
  
int main(int argc, char *argv[])  
{  
    ps_decoder_t *ps;  
    cmd_ln_t *config;  
    FILE *fh;  
    char const *hyp, *uttid;  
        int16 buf[512];  
    int rv;  
    int32 score;  
  
    //1、初始化:创建一个配置对象 cmd_ln_t *  
    //cmd_ln_init函数第一个参数是我们需要更新的上一个配置,因为这里是初次创建,所以传入NULL;  
    //第二个参数是一个定义参数的数组,如果使用的是标准配置的参数集的话可以通过调用ps_args()去获得。  
    //第三个参数是是一个标志,它决定了参数的解释是否严格,如果为TRUE,那么遇到重复的或者未知的参  
    //数,将会导致解释失败;  
    //MODELDIR这个宏,指定了模型的路径,包括声学模型,语言模型和字典三个文件,是由gcc命令行传入,  
    //我们通过pkg-config工具从PocketSphinx的配置中去获得这个modeldir变量  
    config = cmd_ln_init(NULL, ps_args(), TRUE,  
                 "-hmm", MODELDIR "/hmm/en_US/hub4wsj_sc_8k",  
                 "-lm", MODELDIR "/lm/en/turtle.DMP",  
                 "-dict", MODELDIR "/lm/en/turtle.dic",  
                 NULL);  
    if (config == NULL)  
        return 1;  
      
    //2、初始化解码器(语言识别就是一个解码过程,通俗的将就是将你说的话解码成对应的文字串)  
    ps = ps_init(config);  
    if (ps == NULL)  
        return 1;  
  
    //3、解码文件流  
    //因为音频输入接口(麦克风)受到一些特定平台的影响,不利用我们演示,所以我们通过解码音频文件流  
    //来演示PocketSphinx API的用法,goforward.raw是一个包含了一些诸如“go forward ten meters”等用来  
    //控制机器人的短语(指令)的音频文件,其在test/data/goforward.raw。把它复制到当前目录  
    fh = fopen("/dev/input/event14", "rb");  
    if (fh == NULL) {  
        perror("Failed to open goforward.raw");  
        return 1;  
    }  
      
    //4、使用ps_decode_raw()进行解码  
      
    rv = ps_decode_raw(ps, fh, NULL, -1);  
    if (rv < 0)  
        return 1;  
      
    //5、得到解码的结果(概率最大的字串) hypothesis  
    hyp = ps_get_hyp(ps, &score, &uttid);  
    if (hyp == NULL)  
        return 1;  
    printf("Recognized: %s\n", hyp);  
  
    //从内存中解码音频数据  
    //现在我们将再次解码相同的文件,但是使用API从内存块中解码音频数据。在这种情况下,首先我们  
    //需要使用ps_start_utt()开始说话:  
    fseek(fh, 0, SEEK_SET);  
      
    rv = ps_start_utt(ps, NULL);  
    if (rv < 0)  
        return 1;  
        while (!feof(fh)) {  
    rv = ps_start_utt(ps, NULL);  
        if (rv < 0)  
                return 1;  
  
        printf("ready:\n");  
            size_t nsamp;  
            nsamp = fread(buf, 2, 512, fh);  
        printf("read:\n");  
            //我们将每次从文件中读取512大小的样本,使用ps_process_raw()把它们放到解码器中:  
            rv = ps_process_raw(ps, buf, nsamp, FALSE, FALSE);  
        printf("process:\n");  
        }  
        //我们需要使用ps_end_utt()去标记说话的结尾处:  
        rv = ps_end_utt(ps);  
    if (rv < 0)  
        return 1;  
          
    //以相同精确的方式运行来检索假设的字符串:  
    hyp = ps_get_hyp(ps, &score, &uttid);  
    if (hyp == NULL)  
        return 1;  
    printf("Recognized: %s\n", hyp);  
    }  
    //6、清理工作:使用ps_free()释放使用ps_init()返回的对象,不用释放配置对象。  
    fclose(fh);  
        ps_free(ps);  
    return 0;  
}  

2、编译:

编译方法

gcc -o test_ps test_ps.c -DMODELDIR=\"`pkg-config --variable=modeldir pocketsphinx`\" `pkg-config --cflags --libs pocketsphinx sphinxbase`

gcc的-D选项,指定宏定义,如-Dmacro=defn 相当于C语言中的#define macro=defn那么上面就表示在test_ps.c文件中,新加入一个宏定义:

#define MODELDIR=\"`pkg-config --variable=modeldir pocketsphinx`\"

\表示转义符,把“号转义。

这么做是为什么呢?因为程序中需要指定MODELDIR这个变量,但是因为不同的使用者,这个变量不一样,没办法指定死一个路径,所以只能放在编译时,让用户去根据自己的情况来指定。

pkg-config工具可以获得一个库的编译和连接等信息;
#pkg-config --cflags --libs pocketsphinx sphinxbase
显示:

-I/usr/local/include/sphinxbase  -I/usr/local/include/pocketsphinx
-L/usr/local/lib -lpocketsphinx -lsphinxbase –lsphinxad

#pkg-config --variable=modeldir pocketsphinx
显示结果输出:

/usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model

二、编程解码麦克风的录音

1、编程

麦克风录音数据的获得主要是用sphinxbase封装了alsa的接口来实现。

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <sys/types.h>  
#include <sys/time.h>  
#include <signal.h>  
#include <setjmp.h>  
  
#include <sphinxbase/err.h>  
//generic live audio interface for recording and playback  
#include <sphinxbase/ad.h>  
#include <sphinxbase/cont_ad.h>  
  
#include "pocketsphinx.h"  
  
static ps_decoder_t *ps;  
static cmd_ln_t *config;  
  
static void print_word_times(int32 start)  
{  
    ps_seg_t *iter = ps_seg_iter(ps, NULL);  
    while (iter != NULL)   
    {  
        int32 sf, ef, pprob;  
        float conf;  
          
        ps_seg_frames (iter, &sf, &ef);  
        pprob = ps_seg_prob (iter, NULL, NULL, NULL);  
        conf = logmath_exp(ps_get_logmath(ps), pprob);  
        printf ("%s %f %f %f\n", ps_seg_word (iter), (sf + start) / 100.0, (ef + start) / 100.0, conf);  
        iter = ps_seg_next (iter);  
    }  
}  
  
/* Sleep for specified msec */  
static void sleep_msec(int32 ms)  
{  
    struct timeval tmo;  
  
    tmo.tv_sec = 0;  
    tmo.tv_usec = ms * 1000;  
  
    select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tmo);  
}  
  
/* 
 * Main utterance processing loop: 
 *     for (;;) { 
 *     wait for start of next utterance; 
 *     decode utterance until silence of at least 1 sec observed; 
 *     print utterance result; 
 *     } 
 */  
static void recognize_from_microphone()  
{  
    ad_rec_t *ad;  
    int16 adbuf[4096];  
    int32 k, ts, rem;  
    char const *hyp;  
    char const *uttid;  
    cont_ad_t *cont;  
    char word[256];  
  
    if ((ad = ad_open_dev(cmd_ln_str_r(config, "-adcdev"),  
                          (int)cmd_ln_float32_r(config, "-samprate"))) == NULL)  
        E_FATAL("Failed top open audio device\n");  
  
    /* Initialize continuous listening module */  
    if ((cont = cont_ad_init(ad, ad_read)) == NULL)  
        E_FATAL("Failed to initialize voice activity detection\n");  
    if (ad_start_rec(ad) < 0)  
        E_FATAL("Failed to start recording\n");  
    if (cont_ad_calib(cont) < 0)  
        E_FATAL("Failed to calibrate voice activity detection\n");  
  
    for (;;) {  
        /* Indicate listening for next utterance */  
        printf("READY....\n");  
        fflush(stdout);  
        fflush(stderr);  
  
        /* Wait data for next utterance */  
        while ((k = cont_ad_read(cont, adbuf, 4096)) == 0)  
            sleep_msec(100);  
  
        if (k < 0)  
            E_FATAL("Failed to read audio\n");  
  
        /* 
         * Non-zero amount of data received; start recognition of new utterance. 
         * NULL argument to uttproc_begin_utt => automatic generation of utterance-id. 
         */  
        if (ps_start_utt(ps, NULL) < 0)  
            E_FATAL("Failed to start utterance\n");  
        ps_process_raw(ps, adbuf, k, FALSE, FALSE);  
        printf("Listening...\n");  
        fflush(stdout);  
  
        /* Note timestamp for this first block of data */  
        ts = cont->read_ts;  
  
        /* Decode utterance until end (marked by a "long" silence, >1sec) */  
        for (;;) {  
            /* Read non-silence audio data, if any, from continuous listening module */  
            if ((k = cont_ad_read(cont, adbuf, 4096)) < 0)  
                E_FATAL("Failed to read audio\n");  
            if (k == 0) {  
                /* 
                 * No speech data available; check current timestamp with most recent 
                 * speech to see if more than 1 sec elapsed.  If so, end of utterance. 
                 */  
                if ((cont->read_ts - ts) > DEFAULT_SAMPLES_PER_SEC)  
                    break;  
            }  
            else {  
                /* New speech data received; note current timestamp */  
                ts = cont->read_ts;  
            }  
  
            /* 
             * Decode whatever data was read above. 
             */  
            rem = ps_process_raw(ps, adbuf, k, FALSE, FALSE);  
  
            /* If no work to be done, sleep a bit */  
            if ((rem == 0) && (k == 0))  
                sleep_msec(20);  
        }  
  
        /* 
         * Utterance ended; flush any accumulated, unprocessed A/D data and stop 
         * listening until current utterance completely decoded 
         */  
        ad_stop_rec(ad);  
        while (ad_read(ad, adbuf, 4096) >= 0);  
        cont_ad_reset(cont);  
  
        printf("Stopped listening, please wait...\n");  
        fflush(stdout);  
        /* Finish decoding, obtain and print result */  
        ps_end_utt(ps);  
        hyp = ps_get_hyp(ps, NULL, &uttid);  
        printf("%s: %s\n", uttid, hyp);  
        fflush(stdout);  
  
        /* Exit if the first word spoken was GOODBYE */  
        if (hyp) {  
            sscanf(hyp, "%s", word);  
            if (strcmp(word, "goodbye") == 0)  
                break;  
        }  
  
        /* Resume A/D recording for next utterance */  
        if (ad_start_rec(ad) < 0)  
            E_FATAL("Failed to start recording\n");  
    }  
  
    cont_ad_close(cont);  
    ad_close(ad);  
}  
  
static jmp_buf jbuf;  
static void sighandler(int signo)  
{  
    longjmp(jbuf, 1);  
}  
  
int main(int argc, char *argv[])  
{  
      
    config = cmd_ln_init(NULL, ps_args(), TRUE,  
                 "-hmm", MODELDIR "/hmm/en_US/hub4wsj_sc_8k",  
                 "-lm", MODELDIR "/lm/en/turtle.DMP",  
                 "-dict", MODELDIR "/lm/en/turtle.dic",  
                 NULL);  
    if (config == NULL)  
        return 1;  
      
    ps = ps_init(config);  
    if (ps == NULL)  
        return 1;  
  
    signal(SIGINT, &sighandler);  
    if (setjmp(jbuf) == 0)   
        recognize_from_microphone();  
      
        ps_free(ps);  
    return 0;  
}  

2、编译

和1.2一样。

至于说后面把PocketSphinx语音识别系统加入我的人机交互系统这个阶段,因为感觉这个系统本身的识别率不是很高,自己做了适应和重新训练声学和语言模型后,提升还是有限,暂时实用性还不是很强,所以暂时搁置下,看能不能通过其他方法去改进目前的状态。希望有牛人指导下。另外,由于开学了,需要上课,所以后续的进程可能会稍微减慢,不过依然期待各位多多交流!呵呵

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转载自blog.csdn.net/mcsbary/article/details/88633761