浅谈IntentService原理分析

什么是IntentService?

一个带有工作线程的,并且具有任务完成会自动停止功能的Service

一.IntentService的用法

//继承IntentService,并取个名儿
class SampleIntentService : IntentService("SampleIntentService") {
//重写onHandleIntent
   override fun onHandleIntent(intent: Intent?) {
               //进行耗时操作,这里是工作线程
   }
//别忘了在mainfest里注册哦
}
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emmmm,IntentService就这么简单,不过这只是用法哦。

二.IntentService结构组成

要想了解源码,别单单看别人的技术文章,看是没有用的,最好把源码打开,边看边对着源码了解,那样能理解的快些。

  1. 看看继承类
这里看到IntentService是继承Service
public abstract class IntentService extends Service
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  1. 看看构造方法
/**
     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
     *
     * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
     */
这里可以看到刚才为嘛给IntentService带个String的参数了,原来给是工作线程取名字呀
    public IntentService(String name) {
        super();
        mName = name;
    }
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  1. 因为是继承Service的,所以我们可以看看onCreate()方法
@Override
   public void onCreate() {
       // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
       // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
       // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.

       super.onCreate();
   //这里创建工作线程,所以使用intentService为什么不需要创建工作线程
       HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
       thread.start();
   //获取looper,与handler产生联动,实现消息的通信
       mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
       mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
   }
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这里小结下(IntentService里有什么东西)

  1. 创建了一个具有looper的工作线程
  2. 创建了一个线程通信的Handler
  3. 把具有looper的线程跟handler联动

三.IntentService具体实现

当一个IntentService开启时,先调用onCreate方法,然后会调用onStartCommand(),然后调用onStart(),储存message,handler发送消息,handleMessage()处理消息,然后onHandleIntent交给子类去实现,等message都处理完了,stopSelf(msg.arg1)停止服务

    //继承Handler类
    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId; //这里要注意,储存这个startId是有用的,后面会讲到
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    /**
     * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
     * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
     * receives a start request.
     * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
     */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    }
   @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    }
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这里有个关键,每次start(),都会把message存储到messagequeue队列中,messagequeue是单线程队列,那么intentService是怎么知道任务全部完成才会去取消任务的呢? 可以看看ActiveServices源码 关键代码

boolean stopServiceTokenLocked(ComponentName className, IBinder token,
            int startId) {
        if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "stopServiceToken: " + className
                + " " + token + " startId=" + startId);
        ServiceRecord r = findServiceLocked(className, token, UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
        if (r != null) {
            if (startId >= 0) {
                // Asked to only stop if done with all work.  Note that
                // to avoid leaks, we will take this as dropping all
                // start items up to and including this one.
                ServiceRecord.StartItem si = r.findDeliveredStart(startId, false);
                if (si != null) {
                    while (r.deliveredStarts.size() > 0) {
                        ServiceRecord.StartItem cur = r.deliveredStarts.remove(0);
                        cur.removeUriPermissionsLocked();
                        if (cur == si) {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (r.getLastStartId() != startId) {
                    return false;
                }

                if (r.deliveredStarts.size() > 0) {
                    Slog.w(TAG, "stopServiceToken startId " + startId
                            + " is last, but have " + r.deliveredStarts.size()
                            + " remaining args");
                }
            }

            synchronized (r.stats.getBatteryStats()) {
                r.stats.stopRunningLocked();
            }
            r.startRequested = false;
            if (r.tracker != null) {
                r.tracker.setStarted(false, mAm.mProcessStats.getMemFactorLocked(),
                        SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
            }
            r.callStart = false;
            final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            bringDownServiceIfNeededLocked(r, false, false);
            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
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ActiveServices里的stopServiceTokenLocked()里的判断r.getLastStartId()!= startId,来判断当前startId是不是最后一个startId,是就执行r.stats.stopRunningLocked()来终止

课外知识 Handler是负责线程间的通信的 HandlerThread是什么呢?简单看看介绍(这个类蛮重要的 ,想要了解大家可以去查查资料,原理也不难)

/**
* Handy class for starting a new thread that has a looper. The looper can then be 
* used to create handler classes. Note that start() must still be called.
*/
是一个拥有looper的线程类,这个looper可以用来跟handler来互动,但一定要用start方法来开启
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转载自juejin.im/post/5c85efff6fb9a049f91363c7