macOS配置vim

本教程适用于刚刚使用mac的小白，大神可以路过～

MacOS的vim配置和Linux下面相似。在我电脑配置效果如下
在这里插入图片描述

1.前言

配置之前首先注意下两个文件目录的作用，如下

/usr/bin
/usr/local/bin

这两个目录中，/usr/bin是用来存储系统应用程序，受到分发管理工具的控制，而/usr/local/bin存储用户自己安装的程序，这部分不会受自己控制，不会因为系统升级导致的覆盖等改变。

2.安装vim

如果没有安装brew，首先需要安装brew，参考这里
然后执行下面的安装命令

brew install vim
brew install macvim

然后执行命令

which vim

如果出现下面的情况，那就说明安装成功。在这里插入图片描述

如果看到如图/usr/local/bin/vim ，那么很好，系统已经启用了我们所安装的vim，如果不是，而是系统安装的/usr/bin, 那么请到/ect/paths 中修改环境变量顺序。使用命令

vim /etc/paths

将顺序调整为下图，保证/usr/local/bin/vim在/usr/bin/vim的前面。
在这里插入图片描述

3.配置.vimrc文件

vim 的配置文件在根目录的 .vimrc 文件中，如果没有，自己创建一个。执行命令

cp  /usr/share/vim/vimrc  ~/.vimrc

这里配置一个常用的插件管理器vundle

git clone https://github.com/gmarik/vundle.git  ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

编辑.vimrc文件，配置文件如下

"显示行号
set nu

"启动时隐去援助提示
set shortmess=atI

"语法高亮
syntax on

"不需要备份
set nobackup

set nocompatible

"没有保存或文件只读时弹出确认
set confirm

"鼠标可用
set mouse=a

"tab缩进
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set expandtab
set smarttab

"文件自动检测外部更改
set autoread

"c文件自动缩进
set cindent

"自动对齐
set autoindent

"智能缩进
set smartindent

"高亮查找匹配
set hlsearch

"显示匹配
set showmatch

"显示标尺，就是在右下角显示光标位置
set ruler

"去除vi的一致性
set nocompatible

"设置键盘映射，通过空格设置折叠
nnoremap <space> @=((foldclosed(line('.')<0)?'zc':'zo'))<CR>
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"不要闪烁
set novisualbell

"启动显示状态行
set laststatus=2

"浅色显示当前行
autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul

"用浅色高亮当前行
autocmd InsertEnter * se cul

"显示输入的命令
set showcmd

"被分割窗口之间显示空白
set fillchars=vert:/
set fillchars=stl:/
set fillchars=stlnc:/

" vundle 环境设置
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
"vundle管理的插件列表必须位于 vundle#begin() 和 vundle#end() 之间
call vundle#begin()
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'
Plugin 'altercation/vim-colors-solarized'
Plugin 'tomasr/molokai'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/phd'
Plugin 'Lokaltog/vim-powerline'
Plugin 'octol/vim-cpp-enhanced-highlight'
Plugin 'Raimondi/delimitMate'
" 插件列表结束
call vundle#end()
filetype plugin indent on

" 配色方案
set background=dark
colorscheme torte
"colorscheme molokai
"colorscheme phd

" 禁止显示菜单和工具条
set guioptions-=m
set guioptions-=T

" 总是显示状态栏
set laststatus=2

" 禁止折行
set nowrap

" 设置状态栏主题风格
let g:Powerline_colorscheme='solarized256'

syntax keyword cppSTLtype initializer_list

" 基于缩进或语法进行代码折叠
"set foldmethod=indent
set foldmethod=syntax
" 启动 vim 时关闭折叠代码
set nofoldenable

"允许用退格键删除字符
set backspace=indent,eol,start

"编码设置
set encoding=utf-8

"共享剪切板
set clipboard=unnamed

" Don't write backup file if vim is being called by "crontab -e"
au BufWrite /private/tmp/crontab.* set nowritebackup nobackup
" Don't write backup file if vim is being called by "chpass"
au BufWrite /private/etc/pw.* set nowritebackup nobackup

如配置文件所示，Plugin ‘插件地址’ 即为添加插件，如：

Plugin 'dyng/ctrlsf.vim'

安装插件前，先找到其在 github.com 的地址，再将配置信息其加入 .vimrc 中的call vundle#begin() 和 call vundle#end() 之间，最后进入 vim 执行：

:PluginInstall

便安装完成插件。
如需删除插件，只需将 Plugin ‘插件地址’ 删除或者注释掉，再进入 vim 执行：

:PluginClean

便将插件删除。
如需升级插件，进入 vim 执行：

:PluginUpdate

便完成升级。

4.配置自动补全

习惯了IDE，突然转到vim，总是有点不习惯，比如没有语法提示就很麻烦，在vim里肯定有神器，那就是插件YouCompeleteMe了。在配置文件中配置这个插件

Bundle 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'

然后执行第3步的安装插件的命令。
如果此时没有安装Cmake，先安装

brew install CMake

然后执行编译（带C的），等待几分钟

cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe
./install.sh --clang-completer

接下来，才是最重要的！！！ 网上的一堆教程我觉得都是有问题的，看了很多的博客之后终于将语法提示解决了。这里需要感谢这篇文章。
正确的姿态如下：
首先建立在~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm中建立 .ycm_extra_conf.py文件，内容如下

# This file is NOT licensed under the GPLv3, which is the license for the rest
# of YouCompleteMe.
#
# Here's the license text for this file:
#
# This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
#
# Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
# distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
# binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
# means.
#
# In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
# of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
# software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
# of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
# successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
# relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
# software under copyright law.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#
# For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>

from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_inc
import platform
import os
import ycm_core

# These are the compilation flags that will be used in case there's no
# compilation database set (by default, one is not set).
# CHANGE THIS LIST OF FLAGS. YES, THIS IS THE DROID YOU HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR.
flags = [
'-Wall',
'-Wextra',
'-Werror',
'-Wno-long-long',
'-Wno-variadic-macros',
'-fexceptions',
'-DNDEBUG',
# You 100% do NOT need -DUSE_CLANG_COMPLETER and/or -DYCM_EXPORT in your flags;
# only the YCM source code needs it.
'-DUSE_CLANG_COMPLETER',
'-DYCM_EXPORT=',
# THIS IS IMPORTANT! Without the '-x' flag, Clang won't know which language to
# use when compiling headers. So it will guess. Badly. So C++ headers will be
# compiled as C headers. You don't want that so ALWAYS specify the '-x' flag.
# For a C project, you would set this to 'c' instead of 'c++'.
'-x',
'c++',
'-isystem',
'../pybind11',
'-isystem',
'../BoostParts',
'-isystem',
get_python_inc(),
'-isystem',
'../llvm/include',
'-isystem',
'../llvm/tools/clang/include',
'-I',
'.',
'-I',
'./ClangCompleter',
'-isystem',
'./tests/gmock/gtest',
'-isystem',
'./tests/gmock/gtest/include',
'-isystem',
'./tests/gmock',
'-isystem',
'./tests/gmock/include',
'-isystem',
'./benchmarks/benchmark/include',
]

# Clang automatically sets the '-std=' flag to 'c++14' for MSVC 2015 or later,
# which is required for compiling the standard library, and to 'c++11' for older
# versions.
if platform.system() != 'Windows':
  flags.append( '-std=c++11' )


# Set this to the absolute path to the folder (NOT the file!) containing the
# compile_commands.json file to use that instead of 'flags'. See here for
# more details: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html
#
# You can get CMake to generate this file for you by adding:
#   set( CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS 1 )
# to your CMakeLists.txt file.
#
# Most projects will NOT need to set this to anything; you can just change the
# 'flags' list of compilation flags. Notice that YCM itself uses that approach.
compilation_database_folder = ''

if os.path.exists( compilation_database_folder ):
  database = ycm_core.CompilationDatabase( compilation_database_folder )
else:
  database = None

SOURCE_EXTENSIONS = [ '.cpp', '.cxx', '.cc', '.c', '.m', '.mm' ]

def DirectoryOfThisScript():
  return os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath( __file__ ) )


def IsHeaderFile( filename ):
  extension = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 1 ]
  return extension in [ '.h', '.hxx', '.hpp', '.hh' ]


def FindCorrespondingSourceFile( filename ):
  if IsHeaderFile( filename ):
    basename = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 0 ]
    for extension in SOURCE_EXTENSIONS:
      replacement_file = basename + extension
      if os.path.exists( replacement_file ):
        return replacement_file
  return filename


def FlagsForFile( filename, **kwargs ):
  # If the file is a header, try to find the corresponding source file and
  # retrieve its flags from the compilation database if using one. This is
  # necessary since compilation databases don't have entries for header files.
  # In addition, use this source file as the translation unit. This makes it
  # possible to jump from a declaration in the header file to its definition in
  # the corresponding source file.
  filename = FindCorrespondingSourceFile( filename )

  if not database:
    return {
      'flags': flags,
      'include_paths_relative_to_dir': DirectoryOfThisScript(),
      'override_filename': filename
    }

  compilation_info = database.GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
  if not compilation_info.compiler_flags_:
    return None

  # Bear in mind that compilation_info.compiler_flags_ does NOT return a
  # python list, but a "list-like" StringVec object.
  final_flags = list( compilation_info.compiler_flags_ )

  # NOTE: This is just for YouCompleteMe; it's highly likely that your project
  # does NOT need to remove the stdlib flag. DO NOT USE THIS IN YOUR
  # ycm_extra_conf IF YOU'RE NOT 100% SURE YOU NEED IT.
  try:
    final_flags.remove( '-stdlib=libc++' )
  except ValueError:
    pass

  return {
    'flags': final_flags,
    'include_paths_relative_to_dir': compilation_info.compiler_working_dir_,
    'override_filename': filename
  }

然后回到.vimrc中加上下面的配置


let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = '~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py'
let g:ycm_add_preview_to_completeopt = 0
let g:ycm_show_diagnostics_ui = 0
let g:ycm_server_log_level = 'info'
let g:ycm_min_num_identifier_candidate_chars = 2
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 1
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings=1
let g:ycm_key_invoke_completion = '<c-z>'
set completeopt=menu,menuone

noremap <c-z> <NOP>
" 换行的时候可以自动跳到下一行
imap {<CR> {<CR>}<ESC>O

let g:ycm_semantic_triggers =  {
			\ 'c,cpp,python,java,go,erlang,perl': ['re!\w{2}'],
			\ 'cs,lua,javascript': ['re!\w{2}'],
			\ }
let g:ycm_filetype_whitelist = {
			\ "c":1,
			\ "cpp":1,
			\ "objc":1,
			\ "sh":1,
			\ "zsh":1,
			\ "zimbu":1,
			\ }

我们随意打开一个cpp文件，可以看到下面的效果啦

在这里插入图片描述

1.前言

2.安装vim

3.配置.vimrc文件

4.配置自动补全

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