Django学习(url配置及参数获取)

Django 如何处理一个请求

当用户通过浏览器发送一个请求给Django网站时，Django执行过程：

1.Django首先在配置文件setting.py中找到：ROOT_URLCONF = 'test2.urls' 作为根模块

2.加载模块，执行项目包下面的urls.py 文件中的urlpatterns

3.执行应用包下面的urls.py文件中的urlpatterns

4.遍历整个列表，通过正则表达式会找到基于view的函数或者类

5.如果没有匹配到，则会自动调用Django的错误页面

项目开发中配置url

1.在根目录下的urls文件配置include 引入应用 stu下的urls

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^student/',include('stu.urls'))
]

2.在应用stu\urls.py中配置

#coding=utf-8

from django.conf.urls import url
import views
urlpatterns=[
    url(r'^hello/$',views.index_view)
]

3.在应用stu中的views.py文件中定义一个函数

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
def index_view(request):
    return HttpResponse('hello')

4.访问浏览器：输入127.0.0.1:8000/student/hello/

带参数的URLConf

.位置传参

#stu\urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
import views

urlpatterns=[
    url(r'^hello/(\d{4})/(\d{2})',views.index1_view)
]

#stu\views.py
def index1_view(request,num1,num2):
    return HttpResponse('hello_%s_%s' %(num1,num2))

.关键字传参

from django.conf.urls import url

import views

urlpatterns=[
    url(r'^hello1/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$',views.index2_view)
]

def index2_view(request,year,month,day):
    return HttpResponse('hello_%s_%s_%s' %(year,month,day))

.额外传参

from django.conf.urls import url
import views

urlpatterns=[
 
    url(r'^hello2/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.index3_view,{'name':'lisi'}),
]

def index3_view(request,year,month,day,name):
    return HttpResponse('hello_%s_%s_%s_%s' % (year, month, day,name))

逆向解析(防止硬编码)

.模板中的超链接

通过127.0.0.1:8000/student/ 访问视图views中index_view函数，进入index.html文件

在index_html文件中，通过超链接去访问 name='hello' 路由地址

获取到视图views中index4_view函数中所返回的内容

#coding=utf-8
from django.conf.urls import url
import views
urlpatterns=[
    url(r'^$',views.index_view),
    #逆向
    url(r'^hello4/(\d{2})', views.index4_view,name='hello')
]

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
def index_view(request):
    return render(request,'index.html')

def index4_view(request,num):
    return HttpResponse('index4_view_%s' %num)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="{% url 'hello' 13%}">链接1</a>
</body>
</html>

.视图中的重定向

通过访问127.0.0.1:8000/student/hello5/ 获取到index5_view 函数

执行index5_view 通过重定向获取访问name ='hello' 的函数

进入index4_view 函数，通过传入的参数返回到页面

urlpatterns=[
    url(r'^$',views.index_view),
    #逆向
    url(r'^hello4/(\d{2})', views.index4_view,name='hello'),
    url(r'^hello5/', views.index5_view)
]

def index4_view(request, num):
    return HttpResponse('index4_view_%s' % num)

def index5_view(request):
    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('hello',args=(99,)))