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测试环境：
在vmware上运行两台Ubuntu虚拟机。
Ubuntu1：Ubuntu14.04，IP：192.168.0.108
Ubuntu2：Ubuntu16.04，gnome版，IP：192.168.0.106
iperf命令是一个网络性能测试工具。
iperf可以测试TCP和UDP带宽质量，iperf可以测量最大TCP带宽，具有多种参数和UDP特性。iperf可以报告带宽，延迟抖动和数据包丢失。利用iperf这一特性，可以用来测试一些网络设备如路由器，防火墙，交换机等的性能。
iperf分为两种版本，Unix/Linux版和Windows版，Unix/Linux版更新比较快，版本最新。Windows版更新慢。Windows版的iperf叫jperf，或者xjperf。jperf是在iperf基础上开发了更好的UI和新的功能。
1. 安装
sudo apt-get install iperf3
Ubuntu1和Ubuntu2都要安装。
2. 性能测试
带宽测试通常采用UDP模式，因为能测出极限带宽、时延抖动、丢包率。在进行测试时，首先以链路理论带宽作为数据发送速率进行测试，例如，从客户端到服务器之间的链路的理论带宽为100Mbps，先用-b 100M进行测试，然后根据测试结果（包括实际带宽，时延抖动和丢包率），再以实际带宽作为数据发送速率进行测试，会发现时延抖动和丢包率比第一次好很多，重复测试几次，就能得出稳定的实际带宽。
常用选项：
- -c：客户端模式，后接服务器ip
- -s：服务器模式
- -t：设置测试的时长，单位为秒
- -u：指定为UDP模式，默认为TCP模式
- -b：指定发送速率，单位Mbits/sec
- -p：多线程发送，接线程数量
- -R：反向测速，服务器之客户端的下行速率，默认上行速率
2.1 UDP模式
Ubuntu1作为客户端，Ubuntu2作为服务器。
1）server端执行：iperf3 -s
2）client端执行：iperf3 -u -c 192.168.0.106 -b 10M -t 10
在udp模式下，以10Mbps为数据发送速率，客户端到服务器上传带宽测试，测试时间为10秒。
baoli@ubuntu:~$ iperf3 -u -c 192.168.0.106 -b 10M -t 10
Connecting to host 192.168.0.106, port 5201
[ 4] local 192.168.0.108 port 49073 connected to 192.168.0.106 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Total Datagrams
[ 4] 0.00-1.00 sec 1.13 MBytes 9.49 Mbits/sec 145
[ 4] 1.00-2.00 sec 1.15 MBytes 9.64 Mbits/sec 147
[ 4] 2.00-3.00 sec 1.25 MBytes 10.5 Mbits/sec 160
[ 4] 3.00-4.00 sec 1.19 MBytes 9.96 Mbits/sec 152
[ 4] 4.00-5.00 sec 1.14 MBytes 9.57 Mbits/sec 146
[ 4] 5.00-6.00 sec 1.28 MBytes 10.7 Mbits/sec 164
[ 4] 6.00-7.00 sec 1.16 MBytes 9.70 Mbits/sec 148
[ 4] 7.00-8.00 sec 1.13 MBytes 9.50 Mbits/sec 145
[ 4] 8.00-9.00 sec 1.24 MBytes 10.4 Mbits/sec 159
[ 4] 9.00-10.00 sec 1.19 MBytes 9.97 Mbits/sec 152
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 4] 0.00-10.00 sec 11.9 MBytes 9.95 Mbits/sec 0.747 ms 0/1518 (0%)
[ 4] Sent 1518 datagrams
iperf Done.可以看到最后生成测试报告：
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 4] 0.00-10.00 sec 11.9 MBytes 9.95 Mbits/sec 0.747 ms 0/1518 (0%)
[ 4] Sent 1518 datagrams发送了11.9MB数据，带宽9.95M，总共发送1518个数据包，无丢包。
3）client端执行：iperf3 -u -c 192.168.0.106 -b 100M -t 10
在udp模式下，以100Mbps为数据发送速率，客户端到服务器上传带宽测试，测试时间为10秒。
baoli@ubuntu:~$ iperf3 -u -c 192.168.0.106 -b 100M -t 10
Connecting to host 192.168.0.106, port 5201
[ 4] local 192.168.0.108 port 38152 connected to 192.168.0.106 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Total Datagrams
[ 4] 0.00-1.00 sec 7.60 MBytes 63.7 Mbits/sec 973
[ 4] 1.00-2.00 sec 9.38 MBytes 78.7 Mbits/sec 1201
[ 4] 2.00-3.00 sec 12.2 MBytes 102 Mbits/sec 1562
[ 4] 3.00-4.00 sec 9.23 MBytes 77.4 Mbits/sec 1182
[ 4] 4.00-5.00 sec 8.72 MBytes 73.1 Mbits/sec 1116
[ 4] 5.00-6.00 sec 8.30 MBytes 69.7 Mbits/sec 1063
[ 4] 6.00-7.00 sec 8.71 MBytes 73.0 Mbits/sec 1115
[ 4] 7.00-8.00 sec 8.55 MBytes 71.7 Mbits/sec 1094
[ 4] 8.00-9.00 sec 8.91 MBytes 74.8 Mbits/sec 1141
[ 4] 9.00-10.00 sec 8.73 MBytes 73.1 Mbits/sec 1118
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 4] 0.00-10.00 sec 90.4 MBytes 75.8 Mbits/sec 0.606 ms 153/11564 (1.3%)
[ 4] Sent 11564 datagrams
iperf Done.可以知道两台Ubuntu之间最大速率102M，平均带宽75.8M，丢包率1.3%。
4）iperf3 -u -c 192.168.0.106 -b 50M -P 3 -t 2
在udp模式下，同时开启3个线程，以50Mbps为数据发送速率，客户端到服务器上传带宽测试，测试时间为2秒。
baoli@ubuntu:~$ iperf3 -u -c 192.168.0.106 -b 50M -P 3 -t 2
Connecting to host 192.168.0.106, port 5201
[ 4] local 192.168.0.108 port 50851 connected to 192.168.0.106 port 5201
[ 6] local 192.168.0.108 port 59320 connected to 192.168.0.106 port 5201
[ 8] local 192.168.0.108 port 58309 connected to 192.168.0.106 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Total Datagrams
[ 4] 0.00-1.00 sec 2.48 MBytes 20.8 Mbits/sec 318
[ 6] 0.00-1.00 sec 2.48 MBytes 20.8 Mbits/sec 318
[ 8] 0.00-1.00 sec 2.47 MBytes 20.7 Mbits/sec 316
[SUM] 0.00-1.00 sec 7.44 MBytes 62.3 Mbits/sec 952
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ 4] 1.00-2.00 sec 2.43 MBytes 20.4 Mbits/sec 311
[ 6] 1.00-2.00 sec 2.43 MBytes 20.4 Mbits/sec 311
[ 8] 1.00-2.00 sec 2.43 MBytes 20.4 Mbits/sec 311
[SUM] 1.00-2.00 sec 7.29 MBytes 61.1 Mbits/sec 933
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 4] 0.00-2.00 sec 4.91 MBytes 20.6 Mbits/sec 1.075 ms 0/629 (0%)
[ 4] Sent 629 datagrams
[ 6] 0.00-2.00 sec 4.91 MBytes 20.6 Mbits/sec 0.960 ms 0/629 (0%)
[ 6] Sent 629 datagrams
[ 8] 0.00-2.00 sec 4.90 MBytes 20.5 Mbits/sec 0.713 ms 0/626 (0%)
[ 8] Sent 626 datagrams
[SUM] 0.00-2.00 sec 14.7 MBytes 61.7 Mbits/sec 0.916 ms 0/1884 (0%)
iperf Done.5）iperf3 -u -c 192.168.0.106 -b 100M -R -t 5
使用-R选项，测试服务器到客户端的下行带宽。
baoli@ubuntu:~$ iperf3 -u -c 192.168.0.106 -b 100M -R -t 5
Connecting to host 192.168.0.106, port 5201
Reverse mode, remote host 192.168.0.106 is sending
[ 4] local 192.168.0.108 port 34164 connected to 192.168.0.106 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 4] 0.00-1.00 sec 9.85 MBytes 82.6 Mbits/sec 0.303 ms 219/1480 (15%)
[ 4] 1.00-2.01 sec 9.31 MBytes 77.6 Mbits/sec 2.548 ms 260/1452 (18%)
[ 4] 2.01-3.00 sec 7.48 MBytes 63.1 Mbits/sec 0.854 ms 26/983 (2.6%)
[ 4] 3.00-4.00 sec 8.03 MBytes 67.4 Mbits/sec 0.466 ms 0/1028 (0%)
[ 4] 4.00-5.00 sec 7.73 MBytes 64.8 Mbits/sec 0.402 ms 10/1000 (1%)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 4] 0.00-5.00 sec 46.4 MBytes 77.9 Mbits/sec 0.385 ms 515/5944 (8.7%)
[ 4] Sent 5944 datagrams
iperf Done.注：iperf3（3.x版本）不支持双向测速，只有iperf（2.x版本）支持。
2.2 TCP模式
1）server端执行：iperf3 -s
2）client端执行：iperf3 -c 192.168.0.106 -b 100M -t 5
Connecting to host 192.168.0.106, port 5201
[ 4] local 192.168.0.108 port 49730 connected to 192.168.0.106 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Retr Cwnd
[ 4] 0.00-1.01 sec 11.1 MBytes 92.4 Mbits/sec 0 173 KBytes
[ 4] 1.01-2.00 sec 11.6 MBytes 98.1 Mbits/sec 0 232 KBytes
[ 4] 2.00-3.00 sec 12.0 MBytes 101 Mbits/sec 0 314 KBytes
[ 4] 3.00-4.00 sec 11.9 MBytes 99.6 Mbits/sec 0 327 KBytes
[ 4] 4.00-5.00 sec 12.0 MBytes 101 Mbits/sec 0 338 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Retr
[ 4] 0.00-5.00 sec 58.6 MBytes 98.3 Mbits/sec 0 sender
[ 4] 0.00-5.00 sec 58.6 MBytes 98.3 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.3）client端执行：iperf3 -c 192.168.0.106 -b 1000M -t 5
baoli@ubuntu:~$ iperf3 -c 192.168.0.106 -b 1000M -t 5
Connecting to host 192.168.0.106, port 5201
[ 4] local 192.168.0.108 port 49734 connected to 192.168.0.106 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Retr Cwnd
[ 4] 0.00-1.00 sec 82.8 MBytes 694 Mbits/sec 0 411 KBytes
[ 4] 1.00-2.00 sec 79.1 MBytes 662 Mbits/sec 0 583 KBytes
[ 4] 2.00-3.00 sec 63.8 MBytes 535 Mbits/sec 0 751 KBytes
[ 4] 3.00-4.00 sec 62.2 MBytes 522 Mbits/sec 0 1.11 MBytes
[ 4] 4.00-5.01 sec 77.1 MBytes 645 Mbits/sec 0 1.22 MBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Retr
[ 4] 0.00-5.01 sec 365 MBytes 612 Mbits/sec 0 sender
[ 4] 0.00-5.01 sec 364 MBytes 610 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.TCP模式下速率可以达到600M！！！
TCP模式适合测带宽大小，UDP模式可以测试丢包率等。