java里的“==”和“equels”区别,简单的代码,无敌的详细。

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测试1:
先看一组String类型比较,废话不多说,直接上代码:

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String a = "java书苑";
        String b = "java书苑";
        String c = new String("java书苑");
        String d = new String("java书苑").intern();

        if(a == b){
            System.out.println("a == b");
        }else{
            System.out.println("a != b");
        }

        if(a.equals(b)){
            System.out.println("a.equals(b)");
        }else{
            System.out.println("!a.equals(b)");
        }

        if(a == c){
            System.out.println("a == c");
        }else{
            System.out.println("a != c");
        }

        if(a.equals(c)){
            System.out.println("a.equals(c)");
        }else{
            System.out.println("!a.equals(c)");
        }

        if(a == d){
            System.out.println("a == d");
        }else{
            System.out.println("a != d");
        }

        if(a.equals(d)){
            System.out.println("a.equals(d)");
        }else{
            System.out.println("a.equals(d)");
        }
    }
}

输出结果:

a == b
a.equals(b)
a != c
a.equals(c)
a == d
a.equals(d)

总结:

结果a == b:程序在运行的时候会创建一个字符串缓冲池,在String a = “java书苑”时, “java书苑”被放到了字符串缓冲池中,当 String b = “java书苑” 创建字符串的时候,程序首先会在这个String缓冲池中寻找相同值的对象,所以在b被创建的时候,程序找到了具有相同值的a,将b 引用 a 所引用的对象。所以a和b引用的同一个对象,故a == b。

结果a != c:String c = new String(“java书苑”)时new了一个新的对象,故不从String缓冲池寻找,二十直接创建一个新的对象。所以a != c。

结果a == d :当调用 intern 方法时,如果池已经包含一个等于此 String 对象的字符串(该对象由 equals(Object) 方法确定),则返回池中的字符串。否则,将此 String 对象添加到池中,并且返回此 String 对象的引用。所有d调用的同样是a的对象。
equals比较的是值,故值一样时便相等。

测试2:
这是一组int类型和Integer类型的测试:

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int a = 127;
        int a1 = 127;

        int b = 128;
        int b1 = 128;


        Integer c = 127;
        Integer c1 = 127;

        Integer d = 128;
        Integer d1 = 128;

        if(a == a1){
            System.out.println("a == a1");
        }else{
             System.out.println("a != a1");
        }

        if(b == b1){
            System.out.println("b == b1");
        }else{
             System.out.println("b != b1");
        }

        if(c == c1){
            System.out.println("c == c1");
        }else{
             System.out.println("c != c1");
        }

        if(d == d1){
            System.out.println("d == d1");
        }else{
             System.out.println("d != d1");
        }
    }
}

输出的结果:

a == a1
b == b1
c == c1
d != d1

结果”a == a1”和”b == b1”:int 是基本类型,直接存数值,而integer是对象,用一个引用指向这个对象,多以比较的时候”a == a1”和”b == b1”。

结果“c == c1”和“d != d1”这里可能有人会有疑问,为什么“d != d1”.我们一起看一下Integer的源码。

    /**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     * may be controlled by the -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size> option.
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */

    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                i = Math.max(i, 127);
                // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }

    /**
     * Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
     * {@code int} value.  If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
     * required, this method should generally be used in preference to
     * the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
     * to yield significantly better space and time performance by
     * caching frequently requested values.
     *
     * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
     * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
     *
     * @param  i an {@code int} value.
     * @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
     * @since  1.5
     */
    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

结论:这里 Integer 会初始化一个[-128,127]的常量池,如果数值在这个范围时,则引用的是同一个对象,如果不在这个范围,通过源码可以看出返回的是new了一个新的对象: return new Integer(i);

所以,结果“c == c1”是引用了同一个对象,结果“d != d1”,是new了一个新的对象,故不等。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_34988304/article/details/78711473