分享一下我老师大神的人工智能教程。零基础！通俗易懂！风趣幽默！还带黄段子！希望你也加入到我们人工智能的队伍中来！https://blog.csdn.net/jiangjunshow
首先弄清楚何为全备、增量备份、差异备份。简而言之，可以这样理解：
- 全备：对所有的文件做一次备份。
- 增量备份：本次和上一次的的差异。
- 差异备份：在全备的基础上做备份。
一 tar命令
#创建测试文件夹和文件[root@serv01 web]# cd /data[root@serv01 data]# ls[root@serv01 data]# mkdir /work[root@serv01 data]# mkdir /work/upload[root@serv01 data]# cd /work/upload/[root@serv01 upload]# touchaa0{1,2,3,4,5}.txt[root@serv01 upload]# lsaa01.txt aa02.txt aa03.txt aa04.txt aa05.txt #创建压缩包[root@serv01 data]# tar -cvf upload01.tar/work/upload/tar: Removing leading `/' from member names/work/upload//work/upload/aa03.txt/work/upload/aa01.txt/work/upload/aa04.txt/work/upload/aa05.txt/work/upload/aa02.txt#查看压缩包里面包含的文件[root@serv01 data]# tar -tf upload01.tarwork/upload/work/upload/aa03.txtwork/upload/aa01.txtwork/upload/aa04.txtwork/upload/aa05.txtwork/upload/aa02.txt#删除掉数据，模拟数据丢失[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf /work#解压[root@serv01 data]# tar -xvf upload01.tar-C /work/upload/work/upload/aa03.txtwork/upload/aa01.txtwork/upload/aa04.txtwork/upload/aa05.txtwork/upload/aa02.txt[root@serv01 data]# ls /workupload[root@serv01 data]# lsupload01.tar#压缩时包含文件路径[root@serv01 data]# tar -cPvf upload02.tar/work/upload//work/upload//work/upload/aa03.txt/work/upload/aa01.txt/work/upload/aa04.txt/work/upload/aa05.txt/work/upload/aa02.txt#解压时就不需要指定文件路径了[root@serv01 data]# tar -xPvf upload02.tar/work/upload//work/upload/aa03.txt/work/upload/aa01.txt/work/upload/aa04.txt/work/upload/aa05.txt/work/upload/aa02.txt[root@serv01 data]# ls /work/upload #不一定需要f参数，可以使用重定向解决[root@serv01 data]# tar -cv upload03.tar/work/upload/tar: upload03.tar: Cannot stat: No suchfile or directorytar: Removing leading `/' from member names/work/upload//work/upload/aa03.txt/work/upload/aa01.txt/work/upload/aa04.txt/work/upload/aa05.txt/work/upload/aa02.txtwork/upload/00007550000000000000000000000000121766767060120445ustar rootrootwork/upload/aa03.txt00006440000000000000000000000000121766767060133170ustar rootrootwork/upload/aa01.txt00006440000000000000000000000000121766767060133150ustar rootrootwork/upload/aa04.txt00006440000000000000000000000000121766767060133200ustar rootrootwork/upload/aa05.txt00006440000000000000000000000000121766767060133210ustar rootrootwork/upload/aa02.txt00006440000000000000000000000000121766767060133160ustar rootroottar: Exiting with failurestatus due to previous errors#指定路径，重定向到upload03.tar[root@serv01 data]# tar -cv /work/upload/> upload03.tartar: Removing leading `/' from member names/work/upload//work/upload/aa03.txt/work/upload/aa01.txt/work/upload/aa04.txt/work/upload/aa05.txt/work/upload/aa02.txt#删除目录[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf /work/#解压，指定输入源[root@serv01 data]# tar -xv -C / <upload03.tarwork/upload/work/upload/aa03.txtwork/upload/aa01.txtwork/upload/aa04.txtwork/upload/aa05.txtwork/upload/aa02.txt#查看[root@serv01 data]# ls /work/upload[root@serv01 data]# tar -tf upload03.tarwork/upload/work/upload/aa03.txtwork/upload/aa01.txtwork/upload/aa04.txtwork/upload/aa05.txtwork/upload/aa02.txt#测试路径加的不一样的效果 [root@serv01 data]# cd /work/[root@serv01 work]# tar -cf upload04.tarupload/[root@serv01 work]# tar -tf upload04.tarupload/upload/aa03.txtupload/aa01.txtupload/aa04.txtupload/aa05.txtupload/aa02.txt #会解压到根下面的upload目录下[root@serv01 work]# tar -xv -C / <upload04.tarupload/upload/aa03.txtupload/aa01.txtupload/aa04.txtupload/aa05.txtupload/aa02.txt [root@serv01 work]# ls /upload/aa01.txt aa02.txt aa03.txt aa04.txt aa05.txt#创建aa06.txt文件[root@serv01 upload]# touch aa06.txt[root@serv01 upload]# cd /data[root@serv01 data]# tar -tf upload02.tartar: Removing leading `/' from member names/work/upload//work/upload/aa03.txt/work/upload/aa01.txt/work/upload/aa04.txt/work/upload/aa05.txt/work/upload/aa02.txt#增加aa06.txt到upload02.tar中[root@serv01 data]# tar -Pvf upload02.tar-r /work/upload/aa06.txt/work/upload/aa06.txt[root@serv01 data]# tar -tf upload02.tartar: Removing leading `/' from member names/work/upload//work/upload/aa03.txt/work/upload/aa01.txt/work/upload/aa04.txt/work/upload/aa05.txt/work/upload/aa02.txt/work/upload/aa06.txt #演示文件修改后，更新压缩包#编辑文件[root@serv01 data]# vim/work/upload/aa01.txt#更新[root@serv01 data]# tar -uPvf upload02.tar/work/upload//work/upload/aa01.txt[root@serv01 data]# tar -tf upload02.tartar: Removing leading `/' from member names/work/upload//work/upload/aa03.txt/work/upload/aa01.txt/work/upload/aa04.txt/work/upload/aa05.txt/work/upload/aa02.txt/work/upload/aa06.txt/work/upload/aa01.txt #删除文件，然后恢复[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf /work/[root@serv01 data]# ls /work/*ls: cannot access /work/*: No such file or directory[root@serv01 data]# tar -xPvf upload02.tar/work/upload//work/upload/aa03.txt/work/upload/aa01.txt/work/upload/aa04.txt/work/upload/aa05.txt/work/upload/aa02.txt/work/upload/aa06.txt/work/upload/aa01.txt#查看刚才更新的文件，发现没任何问题[root@serv01 data]# cat/work/upload/aa01.txtthis is aa01.txt #找到etc下面以conf结尾的文件，然后打包[root@serv01 data]# find /etc/ -name"*.conf" | xargs tar -Pcvf test01.tar#找到etc下面以conf结尾的文件，但不包含yum.conf，然后打包[root@serv01 data]# find /etc/ -name"*.conf" ! -name "yum.conf" | xargs tar -Pcvf test02.tar[root@serv01 data]# find /etc/ -name"*.conf" ! -name yum.conf | xargs tar -Pcvf test02.tar #指定文件，然后备份#将配置文件写到file1[root@serv01 data]# find /etc -name"*.conf" > file1#查看文件，可以看到所有的配置文件列表都已经存在了（注意是文件路径）[root@serv01 data]# vim file1#创建conf01.tar，然后T指定文件[root@serv01 data]# tar -cPvf conf01.tar -Tfile1[root@serv01 data]# tar -tf conf01.tar[root@serv01 data]# ls -h conf01.tar -l-rw-r--r—. 1 root root 250K Aug 2 18:18 conf01.tar二 tar命令实现——全备和增量备份
[root@serv01 data]# ls /work/upload/aa01.txt aa02.txt aa03.txt aa04.txt aa05.txt aa06.txt[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf upload01.tar#这是全备，无法实现增量备份功能[root@serv01 data]# tar -cPvf upload01.tar/work/upload/#g指定标志文件[root@serv01 data]# tar -g flag -cPvfupload01.tar /work/upload/tar: /work/upload: Directory is new/work/upload//work/upload/aa01.txt/work/upload/aa02.txt/work/upload/aa03.txt/work/upload/aa04.txt/work/upload/aa05.txt/work/upload/aa06.txt[root@serv01 data]# vim flag#新建文件[root@serv01 data]# touch /work/upload/aa07.txt#更改文件[root@serv01 data]# vim/work/upload/aa02.txt[root@serv01 data]# tar -g flag -cPvfupload02.tar /work/upload//work/upload//work/upload/aa02.txt/work/upload/aa07.txt[root@serv01 data]# tar -tPf upload02.tar/work/upload//work/upload/aa02.txt/work/upload/aa07.txt [root@serv01 data]# touch/work/upload/aa08.txt[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf/work/upload/aa01.txt[root@serv01 data]# ls /work/upload/aa02.txt aa03.txt aa04.txt aa05.txt aa06.txt aa07.txt aa08.txt[root@serv01 data]# tar -g flag -cPvfupload03.tar /work/upload//work/upload//work/upload/aa08.txt #恢复全备，逐次恢复#数据丢失[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf /work/*[root@serv01 data]# ls /work/#先恢复全备[root@serv01 data]# tar -g flag -xPvfupload01.tar/work/upload//work/upload/aa01.txt/work/upload/aa02.txt/work/upload/aa03.txt/work/upload/aa04.txt/work/upload/aa05.txt/work/upload/aa06.txt#可以看到数据回来了[root@serv01 data]# ls /work/upload/aa01.txt aa02.txt aa03.txt aa04.txt aa05.txt aa06.txt#查看aa02.txt文件，发现内容没有[root@serv01 data]# cat/work/upload/aa02.txt#恢复文件，从增量备份upload02.tar文件中来[root@serv01 data]# tar -g flag -xPvfupload02.tar/work/upload//work/upload/aa02.txt/work/upload/aa07.txt#查看aa02.txt文件，内容回来了[root@serv01 data]# cat/work/upload/aa02.txthello world#恢复文件，从增量备份upload03.tar文件中来[root@serv01 data]# tar -g flag -xPvfupload03.tar/work/upload/tar: Deleting `/work/upload/aa01.txt'/work/upload/aa08.txt[root@serv01 data]# ls /work/upload/aa02.txt aa03.txt aa04.txt aa05.txt aa06.txt aa07.txt aa08.txt我的邮箱：[email protected] 新浪微博：@Wentasy27 微信公众平台：JustOracle（微信号：justoracle） 数据库技术交流群：336882565（加群时验证 From CSDN XXX） Oracle交流讨论组：https://groups.google.com/d/forum/justoracle By Larry Wen
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分享一下我老师大神的人工智能教程。零基础！通俗易懂！风趣幽默！还带黄段子！希望你也加入到我们人工智能的队伍中来！https://blog.csdn.net/jiangjunshow