map基础

转载出处
Map是c++的一个标准容器,她提供了很好一对一的关系,在一些程序中建立一个map可以起到事半功倍的效果,总结了一些map基本简单实用的操作!

  1. map最基本的构造函数;
    map<string , int >mapstring; map<int ,string >mapint;
    map<sring, char>mapstring; map< char ,string>mapchar;
    map<char ,int>mapchar; map<int ,char >mapint;
  2. map添加数据;
    map<int ,string> maplive;
    1.maplive.insert(pair<int,string>(102,“aclive”));
    2.maplive.insert(map<int,string>::value_type(321,“hai”));
    3, maplive[112]=“April”;//map中最简单最常用的插入添加!
    3,map中元素的查找:
    find()函数返回一个迭代器指向键值为key的元素,如果没找到就返回指向map尾部的迭代器。
    map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;;
    l_it=maplive.find(112);
    if(l_itmaplive.end())
    cout<<“we do not find 112”<<endl;
    else cout<<“wo find 112”<<endl;
    4,map中元素的删除:
    如果删除112;
    map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;;
    l_it=maplive.find(112);
    if(l_it
    maplive.end())
    cout<<“we do not find 112”<<endl;
    else maplive.erase(l_it); //delete 112;
    5,map中 swap的用法:
    Map中的swap不是一个容器中的元素交换,而是两个容器交换;
    For example:
    #include
    #include
    using namespace std;
    int main( )
    {
    map <int, int> m1, m2, m3;
    map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 1, 10 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 2, 20 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 3, 30 ) );
    m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 10, 100 ) );
    m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 20, 200 ) );
    m3.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 30, 300 ) );
    cout << “The original map m1 is:”;
    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
    cout << " " << m1_Iter->second;
    cout << “.” << endl;
    // This is the member function version of swap
    //m2 is said to be the argument map; m1 the target map
    m1.swap( m2 );
    cout << “After swapping with m2, map m1 is:”;
    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
    cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
    cout << “.” << endl;
    cout << “After swapping with m2, map m2 is:”;
    for ( m1_Iter = m2.begin( ); m1_Iter != m2.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
    cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
    cout << “.” << endl;
    // This is the specialized template version of swap
    swap( m1, m3 );
    cout << “After swapping with m3, map m1 is:”;
    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
    cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
    cout << “.” << endl;
    }
    6.map的sort问题:
    Map中的元素是自动按key升序排序,所以不能对map用sort函数:
    For example:
    #include
    #include
    using namespace std;
    int main( )
    {
    map <int, int> m1;
    map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 1, 20 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 4, 40 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 3, 60 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 2, 50 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 6, 40 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 7, 30 ) );
    cout << “The original map m1 is:”<<endl;
    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
    cout << m1_Iter->first<<" "<<m1_Iter->second<<endl;

}
The original map m1 is:
1 20
2 50
3 60
4 40
6 40
7 30
请按任意键继续. . .
7, map的基本操作函数:
C++ Maps是一种关联式容器,包含“关键字/值”对
begin() 返回指向map头部的迭代器
clear() 删除所有元素
count() 返回指定元素出现的次数
empty() 如果map为空则返回true
end() 返回指向map末尾的迭代器
equal_range() 返回特殊条目的迭代器对
erase() 删除一个元素
find() 查找一个元素
get_allocator() 返回map的配置器
insert() 插入元素
key_comp() 返回比较元素key的函数
lower_bound() 返回键值>=给定元素的第一个位置
max_size() 返回可以容纳的最大元素个数
rbegin() 返回一个指向map尾部的逆向迭代器
rend() 返回一个指向map头部的逆向迭代器
size() 返回map中元素的个数
swap() 交换两个map
upper_bound() 返回键值>给定元素的第一个位置
value_comp() 返回比较元素value的函数

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转载自blog.csdn.net/dy416524/article/details/86773141
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