两者区别:
1.首先synchronized是java内置关键字,在jvm层面,Lock是个java类;
2.synchronized无法判断是否获取锁的状态,Lock可以判断是否获取到锁;
3.synchronized会自动释放锁(a 线程执行完同步代码会释放锁 ;b 线程执行过程中发生异常会释放锁),Lock需在finally中手工释放锁(unlock()方法释放锁),否则容易造成线程死锁;
4.用synchronized关键字的两个线程1和线程2,如果当前线程1获得锁,线程2线程等待。如果线程1阻塞,线程2则会一直等待下去,而Lock锁就不一定会等待下去,如果尝试获取不到锁,线程可以不用一直等待就结束了;
5.synchronized的锁可重入、不可中断、非公平,而Lock锁可重入、可判断、可公平(两者皆可)
6.Lock锁适合大量同步的代码的同步问题,synchronized锁适合代码少量的同步问题。
小例子:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
|
package
com.cn.test.thread.lock;
import
java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import
java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public
class
LockTest {
private
Lock lock =
new
ReentrantLock();
/*
* 使用完毕释放后其他线程才能获取锁
*/
public
void
lockTest(Thread thread) {
lock.lock();
//获取锁
try
{
System.out.println(
"线程"
+thread.getName() +
"获取当前锁"
);
//打印当前锁的名称
Thread.sleep(
2000
);
//为看出执行效果,是线程此处休眠2秒
}
catch
(Exception e) {
System.out.println(
"线程"
+thread.getName() +
"发生了异常释放锁"
);
}
finally
{
System.out.println(
"线程"
+thread.getName() +
"执行完毕释放锁"
);
lock.unlock();
//释放锁
}
}
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
LockTest lockTest =
new
LockTest();
//声明一个线程 “线程一”
Thread thread1 =
new
Thread(
new
Runnable() {
@Override
public
void
run() {
lockTest.lockTest(Thread.currentThread());
}
},
"thread1"
);
//声明一个线程 “线程二”
Thread thread2 =
new
Thread(
new
Runnable() {
@Override
public
void
run() {
lockTest.lockTest(Thread.currentThread());
}
},
"thread2"
);
// 启动2个线程
thread2.start();
thread1.start();
}
}
|
执行结果:
package com.cn.test.thread.lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class LockTest { private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); /* * 尝试获取锁 tryLock() 它表示用来尝试获取锁,如果获取成功,则返回true,如果获取失败(即锁已被其他线程获取),则返回false */ public void tryLockTest(Thread thread) { if(lock.tryLock()) { //尝试获取锁 try { System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "获取当前锁"); //打印当前锁的名称 Thread.sleep(2000);//为看出执行效果,是线程此处休眠2秒 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "发生了异常释放锁"); }finally { System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "执行完毕释放锁"); lock.unlock(); //释放锁 } }else{ System.out.println("我是线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"当前锁被别人占用,我无法获取"); } } public static void main(String[] args) { LockTest lockTest = new LockTest(); Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { lockTest.tryLockTest(Thread.currentThread()); } }, "thread1"); //声明一个线程 “线程二” Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { lockTest.tryLockTest(Thread.currentThread()); } }, "thread2"); // 启动2个线程 thread2.start(); thread1.start(); } }
执行结果:
package com.cn.test.thread.lock; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class LockTest { private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); public void tryLockParamTest(Thread thread) throws InterruptedException { if(lock.tryLock(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) { //尝试获取锁 获取不到锁,就等3秒,如果3秒后还是获取不到就返回false try { System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "获取当前锁"); //打印当前锁的名称 Thread.sleep(4000);//为看出执行效果,是线程此处休眠2秒 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "发生了异常释放锁"); }finally { System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "执行完毕释放锁"); lock.unlock(); //释放锁 } }else{ System.out.println("我是线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"当前锁被别人占用,等待3s后仍无法获取,放弃"); } } public static void main(String[] args) { LockTest lockTest = new LockTest(); Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { lockTest.tryLockParamTest(Thread.currentThread()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "thread1"); //声明一个线程 “线程二” Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { lockTest.tryLockParamTest(Thread.currentThread()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "thread2"); // 启动2个线程 thread2.start(); thread1.start(); } }
执行结果:
因为此时线程1休眠了4秒,线程2等待了3秒还没有获取到就放弃获取锁了,执行结束
将方法中的 Thread.sleep(4000)改为Thread.sleep(2000)执行结果如下:
因为此时线程1休眠了2秒,线程2等待了3秒的期间线程1释放了锁,此时线程2获取到锁,线程2就可以执行了