python django基础二URL路由系统

URL配置

基本格式

from django.conf.urls import url
#循环urlpatterns，找到对应的函数执行,匹配上一个路径就找到对应的函数执行，就不再往下循环了，并给函数传一个参数request，和wsgiref的environ类似，就是请求信息的所有内容
urlpatterns = [
     url(正则表达式, views视图函数，参数，别名),
]

urls.py

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^$', views.base),#首页匹配
    # url(r'^index/', views.index),
    # url(r'index/2003/$',views.year)#这样只匹配
    # url(r'index/([0-9]{4})/$',views.year)#匹配4个数字字符还可以用\d
    # url(r'index/(?P<year>[\d]{4})',views.year)
    url(r'index/(?P<year>[\d]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$',views.year)
]

找到应用views文件

def index(request):
    return render(request,'index.html')
def base(request):
    return render(request,'index.html')


# def year(request,a):#()方式传参
#     return render(request,'year.html',{'a':a})

# def year(request,year):#(?P<>)方案是传参
#     return render(request,'year.html',{'a':year})

def year(request,year,month):#(?P<>)方案是传参
    return render(request,'year.html',{'y':year,'m':month})

template/创建对应的html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>欢迎来到index页面</h1>
</body>
</html>

year.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> 测试页 year</h1>
<h1>{{ y }}{{ m }}</h1>
</body>
</html>

会根据不同规则得到对应的应答

补充说明

# 是否开启URL访问地址后面不为/跳转至带有/的路径的配置项
APPEND_SLASH=True

如果在settings.py中设置了 APPEND_SLASH=False，此时我们再请求 http://www.example.com/blog 时就会提示找不到页面。

多个应用实现url路由系统

在settings.py里面

添加2个应用
INSTALLED_APPS = [

'app01.apps.App01Config',
'app02.apps.App02Config',

在urls文件中添加

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # url(r'^$', views.base),#首页匹配
    url(r'^app01/', include('app01.urls')),#首页匹配
    url(r'^app02/', include('app02.urls')),#首页匹配
]

在2个应用中分别添加 urls 文件

app01中添加 urls.py

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.base),#首页匹配

]

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
def base(request):
    return render(request,'index.html')

app02中添加 urls.py

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from app02 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.base),#首页匹配

]

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
def base(request):
    return render(request,'index02.html')

跳转命令url(别名)

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
    return  redirect('/login')

url(r'^home', views.home, name='home'),  # 给我的url匹配模式起名（别名）为 home，别名不需要改，路径你就可以随便改了，别的地方使用这个路径，就用别名来搞

在模板里面可以这样引用：

{% url 'home' %}  #模板渲染的时候，被django解析成了这个名字对应的那个url，这个过程叫做反向解析

python django基础二URL路由系统

URL配置

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