oracle 11g asm dataguard搭建（oracle_sid相同_一主2备）

数据库	数据库SID	DB_UNIQUE_NAME
主库	orcl	orcl
备库1	orcl	orcldg
备库2	orcl	orcldg2

一、Primary数据库配置和操作:

1 .确认主库处于归档模式

将Oracle数据库设置为归档模式
sql>select log_mode,force_logging from v$database;
1)sql>shutdown normal/immediate;
2)sql>startup mount;
3)sql>alter database archivelog;
4)sql>alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/archivelog';
5)sql>alter database open;
6)sql>archive log list;

2. 将Primary数据库置为Force Logging模式

sql>Alter database force logging

3. 配置Primary数据库的初始化参数

alter database force logging;
alter system set db_unique_name=orcl scope=spfile;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcldg,orcldg2)' scope=both;
alter system set log_archive_max_processes=10 scope=both;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl' scope=both;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg' scope=both;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3='SERVICE=standby2 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg2' scope=both;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1='ENABLE';
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2='DEFER';
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_3='DEFER';
alter system set REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE scope=spfile;

--配置 standby 角色的参数用于角色转换
alter system set FAL_SERVER=standby,standby2;
alter system set FAL_CLIENT=primary; 
alter system set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg2/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/' scope=spfile;
alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg2/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/' scope=spfile;
alter system set STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO;

DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcldg) 中的orcl和orcldg指的是db_unique_name
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=standby';中的orcldg指的是tnsnames.ora中的。

4. 重启后验证，查看相关参数修改信息

Shutdown immediate;
startup;
select name, value from v$parameter
 where name in ('db_name',
                'db_unique_name',
                'log_archive_config',
                'log_archive_dest_1',
                'log_archive_dest_2',
                'log_archive_dest_3',
                'log_archive_dest_state_1',
                'log_archive_dest_state_2',
                'log_archive_dest_state_3',
                'remote_login_passwordfile',
                'log_archive_format',
                'log_archive_max_processes',
                'fal_server',
                'db_file_name_convert',
                'log_file_name_convert',
                'standby_file_management');

5. 配置主库的监听和网络服务名

oracle用户下cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

vi listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.57.15)(PORT = 14320))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC14320))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

使得监听器生效

lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl status
lsnrctl start

oracle用户下

vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsname.ora

primary=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.57.15)(PORT = 14320))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (ORACLE_SID= orcl)
    )
  )

standby=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.57.16)(PORT = 14320))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (ORACLE_SID= orcl)
    )
  )

standby=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.57.17)(PORT = 14320))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (ORACLE_SID= orcl)
    )
  )

6. 创建Standby Redologs

配置细节：确保Standby Redologs的文件大小与Primary数据库的Online Redologs文件大小一致。
一般而言，standbyredo 日志文件组数要比 primary 数据库的 online redo 日志文件组数至少多一个 。
推荐 standbyredo 日志组数量基于 primary 数据库的线程数(这里的线程数可以理解为 rac 结构中的 rac节点数)。
有一个推荐的公式可以做参考：(每线程的日志组数+1)*最大线程数
创建命令：

alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby04a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby04b.log') size 50M;    
alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby05a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby05b.log') size 50M;  
alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby06a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby06b.log') size 50M;  
alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby07a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby07b.log') size 50M;  

二、STANDBY数据库配置和操作:

1.创建standby实例

set oracle_sid = orcl

2. 再配置对应的监听和tnsname.ora文件

oracle 用户下修改listener.ora

vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.57.16)(PORT = 14320))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC14320))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

oracle用户修改tnsnames.ora

vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

primary=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.57.15)(PORT = 14320))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (ORACLE_SID= orcl)
    )
  )

standby=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.57.16)(PORT = 14320))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (ORACLE_SID= orcl)
    )
  )

standby2=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.57.17)(PORT = 14320))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (ORACLE_SID= orcl)
    )
  )

listener_standby=
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.57.16)(PORT = 14320))
    )
  )

查看备库监听状态

image.png

测试主库和备库直接监听器是否正常，可以用如下命令:

tnsping primary
tnsping standby;

3. 创建Standby的pfile

主库执行create pfile='/home/oracle/initorcldg.ora' from spfile;
修改initorcldg.ora

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.db_unique_name=orcldg
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,orcldg,orcldg2)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/archivelog LGWR VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg2/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg2/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.local_listener=listener_standby;  --非常重要，配置该参数会使监听处于ready状态

---下列参数用于角色切换
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=primary ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl'
*.log_archive_dest_3='SERVICE=standby2 ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg2'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=defer
*.log_archive_dest_state_3=defer
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.remote_login_passwordfile=EXCLUSIVE
*.fal_server=primary
*.fal_client=standby

4. 创建Standby2的pfile

主库执行create pfile='/home/oracle/initorcldg.ora' from spfile;
修改initorcldg.ora

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.db_unique_name=orcldg2
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,orcldg,orcldg2)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/archivelog LGWR VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg2'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg2/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg2/'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg2/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg2/'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.local_listener=listener_standby;  --非常重要，配置该参数会使监听处于ready状态

---下列参数用于角色切换
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=primary ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl'
*.log_archive_dest_3='SERVICE=standby ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_3=defer
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.remote_login_passwordfile=EXCLUSIVE
*.fal_server=primary
*.fal_client=standby2

4. 启动备库到nomount

set oracle_sid = orcl
$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/initorcldg.ora'
SQL>create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/initorcldg.ora'

注意事项：如果启动的时候出现问题，不能识别到参数文件。可以SQL>startup pfile='/home/oracle/initorcldg.ora'

5. 创建对应的文件目录

6. 创建密钥文件

把主库的 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl 复制到 192.168.1.92 备库 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/目录下。使用chown修改权限。
192.168.1.92执行
scp -P 50022 [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/

7. 开始使用rman创建standby

7.1 先对Primary数据库进行归档

alter system switch logfile

7.2 备份主库（primary操作）

run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
backup as compressed backupset database format '/u01/app/bak/database_%d_%T_%U.bak';
sql 'alter system switch logfile';
backup as compressed backupset archivelog all  format '/u01/app/bak/archivelog_%d_%T_%U.bak' ;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}

主库执行创建物理备库控制文件
RMAN>backup device type disk format '/u01/app/bak/standby_%U.ctl' current controlfile for standby;
将备份传到备库

7.3 RMAN 恢复备库控制文件，启动到mount状态

$rman target /
RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/rman_backup/standby_0gnpvd65_1_1.ctl';

在这里可以查看一下standby online log

select GROUP#,TYPE,MEMBER FROM V$LOGFILE;
alter database drop standby logfile group 4;
alter database drop standby logfile group 5;
alter database drop standby logfile group 6;
alter database drop standby logfile group 7;

alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('+DATA/orcl/standby04a.log','+DATA/orcl/standby04b.log') size 50M;    
alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('+DATA/orcl/standby05a.log','+DATA/orcl/standby05b.log') size 50M;  
alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('+DATA/orcl/standby06a.log','+DATA/orcl/standby06b.log') size 50M;  
alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('+DATA/orcl/standby07a.log','+DATA/orcl/standby07b.log') size 50M;  

7.4 RMAN restore 物理备库

RMAN>run {
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
catalog start with '/u01/bak/';
restore database;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}

7.5 检测主库备库连接

sqlplus sys/oracle@standby as sysdba
sqlplus sys/oracle@primary as sysdba

8. 恢复成功后，开始开启archive_dest_state_2进程（primary操作）

Alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;

9.将备库置于自动恢复状态

开始应用redo日志
SQL〉recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

恢复数据完毕后，你可以关闭Redo应用
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

然后以只读的方式打开数据库
SQL>alter database open read only
这可是新功能哦，可以一边在打开的模式下，一边接受redo日志。但是你必须保证有standby redolog这个文件。要不然可是打不开的

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

10.到这里大功告成。你可以选择喝杯咖啡，验证后续的正常情况。

(1)查询当前库的角色和保护模式：
SQL>select name,database_role,db_unique_name,open_mode,protection_mode,protection_level,switchover_status,supplemental_log_data_pk,supplemental_log_data_ui from v$database;

(2)查看进程的活动状态：
SQL> select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;

(3)检查REDO应用进度:
select dest_name,archived_thread#,archived_seq#,applied_thread#,applied_seq#,db_unique_name from v$archive_dest_status where status='VALID';

(4)查看同步情况
select MAX(SEQUENCE#) FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG;
select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

(5)查看online&standby日志
select GROUP#,TYPE,MEMBER FROM V$LOGFILE;

(6)dataguard事件
select dest_id,error,status,log_sequence,applied_scn from v$archive_dest where dest_id=2;
select message from v$dataguard_status;
（7）启动顺序
先启动备库,再启动主库,如果顺序相反,主库实例会自动中断,数据库无法启动,并会在alert.log文件中留下如下的信息:
关库时，先关主库，再关备库

11.日志应用

3. 日志应用

--将备库置与应用日志模式状态

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

--取消备库的自动恢复

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

--Open只读模式（Dataguard只能启动到readonly模式）

SQL> alter database open;

--打开实时应用状态模式

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;