原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/linxiyue/p/4075048.html
Model实例,myapp/models.py：
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from
django.db
import
models
class
Blog(models.Model):
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
100
)
tagline
=
models.TextField()
# On Python 3: def __str__(self):
def
__unicode__(
self
):
return
self
.name
class
Author(models.Model):
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
50
)
email
=
models.EmailField()
# On Python 3: def __str__(self):
def
__unicode__(
self
):
return
self
.name
class
Entry(models.Model):
blog
=
models.ForeignKey(Blog)
headline
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
255
)
body_text
=
models.TextField()
pub_date
=
models.DateField()
mod_date
=
models.DateField()
authors
=
models.ManyToManyField(Author)
n_comments
=
models.IntegerField()
n_pingbacks
=
models.IntegerField()
rating
=
models.IntegerField()
# On Python 3: def __str__(self):
def
__unicode__(
self
):
return
self
.headline
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类级别权限
默认情况下，superuser可以访问admin界面的所有Model，但有时候只想让一些用户只能访问一些特定的Model。
可以定制自己的User对象的has_perm()方法：
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class
MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):
...
def
has_perm(
self
, perm, obj
=
None
):
if
self
.is_superuser:
return
True
elif
self
.can_edit:
if
perm
=
=
'myapp.add_entry'
:
return
True
else
:
return
False
else
:
return
False
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这样superuser具有全部权限。普通user的can_edit属性为True时，就具有了创建Entry实例的权限，其余用户无权限。
也可以定制ModelAdmin的has_add_permission(),has_change_permission(),has_delete_permission()方法：
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def
has_add_permission(
self
, request):
"""
Returns True if the given request has permission to add an object.
Can be overridden by the user in subclasses.
"""
opts
=
self
.opts
codename
=
get_permission_codename(
'add'
, opts)
if
request.user.can_edit:
return
True
else
:
return
request.user.has_perm(
"%s.%s"
%
(opts.app_label, codename))
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字段级别的权限
不同权限的可以编辑不同的内容，可以通过get_readonly_fileds()来添加字段只读权限。
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class
EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display
=
(...)
search_fields
=
(...)
def
get_readonly_fields(
self
,request,obj
=
None
):
if
not
request.user.is_superuser
and
not
request.user.can_edit:
return
[f.name
for
f
in
self
.model._meta.fields]
return
self
.readonly_fields
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重写Model的save行为
可以直接重写model的save()方法：
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from
django.db
import
models
class
Blog(models.Model):
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
100
)
tagline
=
models.TextField()
def
save(
self
,
*
args,
*
*
kwargs):
do_something()
super
(Blog,
self
).save(
*
args,
*
*
kwargs)
# Call the "real" save() method.
do_something_else()
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阻止save()：
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from
django.db
import
models
class
Blog(models.Model):
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
100
)
tagline
=
models.TextField()
def
save(
self
,
*
args,
*
*
kwargs):
if
self
.name
=
=
"Yoko Ono's blog"
:
return
# Yoko shall never have her own blog!
else
:
super
(Blog,
self
).save(
*
args,
*
*
kwargs)
# Call the "real" save() method.
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也可以重写ModelAdmin的save_model()方法，根据不同的用户定制不同的save行为：
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from
django.contrib
import
admin
class
ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def
save_model(
self
, request, obj, form, change):
obj.user
=
request.user
obj.save()
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其中obj是修改后的对象，当新建一个对象时 change = False, 当修改一个对象时 change = True，可以获得修改前的对象：
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from
django.contrib
import
admin
class
ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def
save_model(
self
, request, obj, form, change):
if
change:
obj_old
=
self
.model.objects.get(pk
=
obj.pk)
else
:
obj_old
=
None
obj.user
=
request.user
obj.save()
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不同的用户显示不同的数据行，重写列表页面返回的查询集
ModelAdmin提供了一个钩子程序 —— 它有一个名为queryset() 的方法，该方法可以确定任何列表页面返回的默认查询集。
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class
MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def
get_queryset(
self
, request):
qs
=
super
(MyModelAdmin,
self
).get_queryset(request)
if
request.user.is_superuser:
return
qs
return
qs.
filter
(author
=
request.user)
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定制过滤器list_filter
从django.contrib.admin.SimpleListFilter继承一个子类，提供title和parameter_name属性，并重写 lookups和queryset方法。
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from
datetime
import
date
from
django.contrib
import
admin
from
django.utils.translation
import
ugettext_lazy as _
class
DecadeBornListFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):
# Human-readable title which will be displayed in the
# right admin sidebar just above the filter options.
title
=
_(
'decade born'
)
# Parameter for the filter that will be used in the URL query.
parameter_name
=
'decade'
def
lookups(
self
, request, model_admin):
"""
Returns a list of tuples. The first element in each
tuple is the coded value for the option that will
appear in the URL query. The second element is the
human-readable name for the option that will appear
in the right sidebar.
"""
return
(
(
'80s'
, _(
'in the eighties'
)),
(
'90s'
, _(
'in the nineties'
)),
)
def
queryset(
self
, request, queryset):
"""
Returns the filtered queryset based on the value
provided in the query string and retrievable via
`self.value()`.
"""
# Compare the requested value (either '80s' or '90s')
# to decide how to filter the queryset.
if
self
.value()
=
=
'80s'
:
return
queryset.
filter
(birthday__gte
=
date(
1980
,
1
,
1
),
birthday__lte
=
date(
1989
,
12
,
31
))
if
self
.value()
=
=
'90s'
:
return
queryset.
filter
(birthday__gte
=
date(
1990
,
1
,
1
),
birthday__lte
=
date(
1999
,
12
,
31
))
class
PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter
=
(DecadeBornListFilter,)
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parameter_name和title是必须的。look_up方法返回出现在列表页右侧过滤器中的选项和描述。parameter_name为附加在url后面get请求的参数名，self.value()返回该参数对应的值。
根据不同的用户定制：
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class
AuthDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter):
def
lookups(
self
, request, model_admin):
if
request.user.is_superuser:
return
super
(AuthDecadeBornListFilter,
self
).lookups(request, model_admin)
def
queryset(
self
, request, queryset):
if
request.user.is_superuser:
return
super
(AuthDecadeBornListFilter,
self
).queryset(request, queryset)
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model_admin为ModelAdmin实例：
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class
AdvancedDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter):
def
lookups(
self
, request, model_admin):
"""
Only show the lookups if there actually is
anyone born in the corresponding decades.
"""
qs
=
model_admin.get_queryset(request)
if
qs.
filter
(birthday__gte
=
date(
1980
,
1
,
1
),
birthday__lte
=
date(
1989
,
12
,
31
)).exists():
yield
(
'80s'
, _(
'in the eighties'
))
if
qs.
filter
(birthday__gte
=
date(
1990
,
1
,
1
),
birthday__lte
=
date(
1999
,
12
,
31
)).exists():
yield
(
'90s'
, _(
'in the nineties'
))
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定制搜索功能
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class
PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display
=
(
'name'
,
'age'
)
search_fields
=
(
'name'
,)
def
get_search_results(
self
, request, queryset, search_term):
queryset, use_distinct
=
super
(PersonAdmin,
self
).get_search_results(request, queryset, search_term)
try
:
search_term_as_int
=
int
(search_term)
except
ValueError:
pass
else
:
queryset |
=
self
.model.objects.
filter
(age
=
search_term_as_int)
return
queryset, use_distinct
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queryset是查询集，search_term是搜索词。
外键字段过滤
在添加对象时显示外键选项时，太多的选项不太友好，这时候需要过滤出符合要求的对象供选择。
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class
MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def
formfield_for_foreignkey(
self
, db_field, request,
*
*
kwargs):
if
db_field.name
=
=
"car"
:
kwargs[
"queryset"
]
=
Car.objects.
filter
(owner
=
request.user)
return
super
(MyModelAdmin,
self
).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request,
*
*
kwargs)
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