es6+最佳入门实践(10)

10.Generator

10.1.Generator是什么?

Generator函数是ES6提供的一种异步编程解决方案。在它的内部封装了多个状态,因此,又可以理解为一种状态机,执行Generator函数后返回一个迭代器对象,使用这个迭代器对象可以遍历出Generator函数内部的状态

Generator函数和传统函数的不同点有:1 函数定义的时候,function关键字后面加“*”, 2 内部使用yield关键字定义内部状态


function* HelloGenerator() {
    yield "状态1";
    yield "状态2";
    yield "状态3";
    yield "状态4";
}

let hg = HelloGenerator();
console.log(hg.next());  //{value: "状态1", done: false}
console.log(hg.next());  //{value: "状态2", done: false}
console.log(hg.next());  //{value: "状态3", done: false}
console.log(hg.next());  //{value: "状态4", done: false}
console.log(hg.next());  //{value: undefined, done: true}

Generator函数被调用后,并不会立即执行完成,而是会在遇到yield关键字后暂停,返回的也不是函数的运行结果,而是一个执行内部状态的指针对象(Iterator对象)

注意1: next方法内可以传参数,这个参数的值作为上一次状态的返回值


function* HelloGenerator() {
    let result = yield "状态1";
    console.log(result);
    yield "状态2";
    yield "状态3";
    yield "状态4";
}

let hg = HelloGenerator();
console.log(hg.next());
console.log(hg.next('nodeing'));  

注意2: 可以使用for...of来遍历Generator内部状态


function* HelloGenerator() {

    yield "状态1";
    yield "状态2";
    yield "状态3";
    yield "状态4";
}

let hg = HelloGenerator();

for( let i of hg){
    console.log(i);
}

注意3: 对象没有Symbol.Iterator属性,我们可以手动添加,让其具有Iterator接口

let obj = {};
function* gen() {
    yield 1;
    yield 2;
    yield 3;
    yield 4;
}
obj[Symbol.iterator] = gen;

for(let a of obj){
    console.log(a);
}

10.2.Generator应用

1.限制抽奖次数

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<button id="btn">抽奖</button>
<input type="text" id="ipt">
<script>
    let oBtn = document.getElementById('btn');
    let oIpt = document.getElementById('ipt');
    let start = gen(5);
    let timmer = null;
    oBtn.onclick = () => {
        start.next();
    };
    function draw(count) {
        clearInterval(timmer);
        let num = Math.floor(Math.random() * 30);
        let prize = 0;

        timmer = setInterval(()=>{
            prize++;
            if( num === prize){
                clearInterval(timmer);
                alert("还可以抽"+count+"次");
                return;
            }
            oIpt.value = prize;
        }, 100);


    }
    
    function* gen(count) {
        while (count > 0){
            count--;
            yield draw(count);
        }
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>

2.异步读取文件

const fs = require('fs');

function readFile(path) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        fs.readFile(path, (err, data) => {
            if(err){
                reject(err)
            }else {
                resolve(data)
            }
        })
    })
}

function* asyncFile() {
    yield readFile('a.txt');
    yield readFile('b.txt');
    yield readFile('c.txt');
}

let gen = asyncFile();
gen.next().value.then((data)=>{
    console.log(data.toString());
    return gen.next().value;
}).then((data2)=>{
    console.log(data2.toString());
    return gen.next().value;
}).then((data3)=>{
    console.log(data3.toString())

});

如果觉得上面的写法还比较麻烦的话,我们可以引入一个co模块,让aysncFile里面的代码自动执行

const co = require('co');

function* asyncFile() {
    let a = yield readFile('a.txt');
    let b = yield readFile('b.txt');
    let c = yield readFile('c.txt');
    console.log(a.toString(), b.toString(), c.toString())
}
co(asyncFile()).then(()=>{
    console.log('文件读取完成')
});

视频教程地址:http://edu.nodeing.com/course/50

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/dadifeihong/p/10358130.html