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软件测试的分类
Please note that Software Testing Types are different from Levels or Methods. In contrast to the Software Testing Types listed above, Software Testing Levels are the tests done at various stages of software development and Software Testing Methods are the ways the tests are conducted . For example, you can do Functional Testing (A Type) during System Testing (A Level) using Black Box Testing (A Method).
使用什么样的测试方法在哪个测试阶段进行何种测试类型。
（一）测试阶段（层级） Software Testing Levels1
SOFTWARE TESTING LEVELS are the different stages of the software development life cycle where testing is conducted. There are four levels of software testing: Unit >> Integration >> System >> Acceptance.
- 单元测试
- 集成测试
- 系统测试
- 验收测试
Levels
| Level | Summary |
|---|---|
| Unit Testing | A level of the software testing process where individual units of a software are tested. The purpose is to validate that each unit of the software performs as designed. |
| Integration Testing | A level of the software testing process where individual units are combined and tested as a group. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose faults in the interaction between integrated units. |
| System Testing | A level of the software testing process where a complete, integrated system is tested. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the system’s compliance with the specified requirements. |
| Acceptance Testing | A level of the software testing process where a system is tested for acceptability. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the system’s compliance with the business requirements and assess whether it is acceptable for delivery. |
（二）测试类型 Software Testing Types2
LIST OF SOFTWARE TESTING TYPES
| Type | Summary |
|---|---|
| Smoke Testing | Smoke Testing, also known as “Build Verification Testing”, is a type of software testing that comprises of a non-exhaustive set of tests that aim at ensuring that the most important functions work. |
| Functional Testing | Functional Testing is a type of software testing whereby the system is tested against the functional requirements/specifications. |
| Usability Testing | Usability Testing is a type of software testing done from an end-user’s perspective to determine if the system is easily usable. |
| Security Testing | Security Testing is a type of software testing that intends to uncover vulnerabilities of the system and determine that its data and resources are protected from possible intruders. |
| Performance Testing | Performance Testing is a type of software testing that intends to determine how a system performs in terms of responsiveness and stability under a certain load. |
| Regression Testing | Regression testing is a type of software testing that intends to ensure that changes (enhancements or defect fixes) to the software have not adversely affected it. |
| Compliance Testing | Compliance Testing [also known as conformance testing, regulation testing, standards testing] is a type of testing to determine the compliance of a system with internal or external standards. |
（三）测试方法 Software Testing Methods3
| Method | Summary |
|---|---|
| Black Box Testing | A software testing method in which the internal structure/design/implementation of the item being tested is not known to the tester. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually functional. Test design techniques include Equivalence partitioning, Boundary Value Analysis, Cause-Effect Graphing. |
| White Box Testing | A software testing method in which the internal structure/design/implementation of the item being tested is known to the tester. Test design techniques include Control flow testing, Data flow testing, Branch testing, Path testing. |
| Gray Box Testing | A software testing method which is a combination of Black Box Testing method and White Box Testing method. |
| Agile Testing | A method of software testing that follows the principles of agile software development. |
| Ad Hoc Testing | A method of software testing without any planning and documentation. |