采用HttpClient发送HTTP请求

采用HttpClient发送HTTP请求

2015/9/10 14:09:11

HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了,越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。虽然在JDK的URLConnection包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能,但是对于大部分应用程序来说,JDK库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。

项目地址:http://hc.apache.org/index.html

一、功能介绍

  • 实现了所有 HTTP 的方法(GET,POST,PUT,HEAD 等)
  • 支持HTTPS协议
  • 支持自动转向
  • 插件式的自定义认证方案
  • 支持代理服务器
  • 自定义Cookie
  • 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers
  • 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接
  • 设置连接超时的能力

二、使用方法

  1. 创建HttpClient对象。
  2. 创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
  3. 如果需要发送请求参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数;对于HttpPost对象而言,也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
  4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
  5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
  6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接。

三、代码实现

/**
	 * 发送 get请求
	 */
	public void get() {
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		try {
			// 创建httpget.
			HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
			System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
			// 执行get请求.
			CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
			try {
				// 获取响应实体
				HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
				System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
				// 打印响应状态
				System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
				if (entity != null) {
					// 打印响应内容长度
					System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
					// 打印响应内容
					System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
				}
				System.out.println("------------------------------------");
			} finally {
				response.close();
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 关闭连接,释放资源
			try {
				httpclient.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
/**
	 * post方式
	 */
	public void postForm() {
		// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		// 创建httppost
		HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/Demo/test.action");
		// 创建参数队列
		List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
		formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "tt"));
		formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
		UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
		try {
			uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
			httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
			System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
			CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
			try {
				HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
				if (entity != null) {
					System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
					System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
					System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
				}
			} finally {
				response.close();
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 关闭连接,释放资源
			try {
				httpclient.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
/**
	 * 上传文件
	 */
	public void upload() {
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		try {
			HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/Demo/upFile.action");

			FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\text.jpg"));
			StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);

			HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();

			httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);

			System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
			CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
			try {
				System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
				System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
				HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
				if (resEntity != null) {
					System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());
				}
				EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
			} finally {
				response.close();
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				httpclient.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

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转载自wosyingjun.iteye.com/blog/2242402