(Centos7)MySQL介绍及安装

安装部署
备份恢复
主备复制
读写分离
HA架构
分布式数据库
压力测试
性能优化
自动化运维

－－－数据储存－－－－－－
１、人工管理阶段
２、文件系统阶段
３、数据库系统管理阶段

－－－数据库技术构成－－－－－－－－－－－
１、数据库系统DBS
    Ａ：数据库管理系统（DBMS）:
        SQL(RDS):ORACLE、Oracle MySQL、MariaDB、Percona server、DB2
        NoSQL:Redis、MongoDB、Memcache
    Ｂ：DBA
2、SQL语句（结构化查询语言）
    Ａ：DDL语句  数据定义语言：数据库、表、视图、索引、储存过程、函数，CREATE DROP ALTER
    Ｂ：DML语句  数据库操纵语言：插入数据INSERT、删除数据库DELETE、更新数据库UPDATE
    Ｃ：DQL语句  数据库查询语言：查询数据SELECT
    Ｄ：DCL语句  数据库控制语言：例如控制用户的访问权限GRANT、RRVOKE
３、数据库访问技术
    Ａ：ODBC PHP      <.php>
    Ｂ：JDBC JAVA     <.jsp>  

####MySQL Install############## 
www.mysql.com       www.oracle.com

Oracle MySQL、MariaDB、Percona server

安装方式

二进制 rpm     Yum Repository         
                            wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm
                            md5sum mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm        
                            rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm                         
                            yum makecache
                            yum repolist
                            yum list | grep mysql-com
                            yum install -y mysql-community-server.x86_64 
                            ls /var/lib/mysql        # mysql数据存放路径
                                                sed -ir /^SELINUX=/cSELINUX=disabled  /etc/selinux/config 
                                                systemctl stop firewalld
                                                systemctl disable firewalld
                                                systemctl start mysqld
                                                systemctl enable mysqld
                                                grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log     # 数据库第一次生成的临时密码
                                                mysql -uroot -p'elDb+W5J01H,'           # 等入数据        

二进制预编译    Generic  
                           wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.14-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
                    [MySQL]                                
                           groupadd mysql
                           useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
                           cd /usr/local
                           tar-xf MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.14-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
                           ln -s MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.14-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
                [MySQL初始化]
                            cd mysql
                            mkdir mysql-files
                            chown -R mysql.mysql .
                            bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
      [建立MySQL配置文件my.cnf]
                            vi /etc/my.cnf
                            [mysql]
                            basedir=/usr/local/mysql
                            datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
                  [启动MySQL]
                            方法一：使用mysqld_safe
                                   bin/mysql_safe --user=mysql &
                            方法二：使用mysql.server脚本
                                　 cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
                                   chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld
                                   chkconfig -add mysqld
                                   chkconfig mysqld on
                                   service mysql start
                            [添加变量]
                            echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
                            source /etc/profile
              　　 [如果需要重新初始化]
                                    killall mysqld
                                    rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data
                                    chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
                                    /usr/local/mysql --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
                                    mysql_ssl_rsa_setup                                                                
                                    service mysql start
                        [修改MySQL密码]
                                mysqladmin -uroot -p'!WuRyJeio3nj' password"(liuchuang123)"

源码包安装      Source Code
         [下载安装包]
                    cd /usr/local/
                    wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-Cluster-7.6/mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.9.tar.gz
                    wget https://dl.bintray.com/boostorg/release/1.69.0/source/boost_1_69_0.tar.gz
                
          [编译安装]
                    yum -y install -y cmake bison bison-devel libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ git  ncurses-devel
                    tar xf https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-Cluster-7.6/mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.9.tar.gz
                    tar xf https://dl.bintray.com/boostorg/release/1.69.0/source/boost_1_69_0.tar.gz
                    mv boost_1_69_0.tar.gz  mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.9
  [新建configure作为编译目录]
                        cd mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.9
                        mkdir configure
                        cd configure
  [使用cmake进行生成编译环境]
                        cmake .\ 
                        -DBUILD_CONFIG=boost_1_69_0 \
                        -DINSTALL_LAYOUT=STANDALONE \
                        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo \
                        -DENABLE_DTRACE=OFF \
                        -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=OFF \
                        -DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=ON \
                        -DWITH_SSL=bundled \
                        -DWITH_ZLIB=system \
                        -DWITH_PAM=ON \
                        -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/var/mysql/ \
                        -DINSTALL_PLUGINDIR="/var/mysql/lib/plugin" \
                        -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
                        -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
                        -DWITH_EDITLINE=bundled \
                        -DFEATURE_SET=community \
                        -DCOMPILATION_COMMENT="MySQL Server (GPL)" \
                        -DWITH_DEBUG=OFF \
                        -DWITH_BOOST=..
                        
                        ！！！！-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS = 1从源代码自动下载和构建所需的组件。
        [使用make进行编译]
                        make
                        make install 
                [初始化]
                        groupadd mysql
                        useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
                        cd mysql
                        mkdir mysql-files
                        chown -R mysql.mysql .
                        bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
                        
                        vi /etc/my.cnf
                            [mysql]
                            basedir=/usr/local/mysql
                            datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
                        
                        cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
                        chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld
                        chkconfig -add mysqld
                        chkconfig mysqld on
                        service mysql start
    
                         echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
                         source /etc/profile