APIGateway网关安全设计

Spring Cloud里面有个组件 Zuul网关

网关和过滤器拦截器很相似

网关可以实现过滤器拦截器的功能而且可以实现Nginx的基本功能反向代理负载均衡ribbon

Nginx是软负载 ribbon本底客户端负载均衡

网关的核心基本作用：路由地址反向代理黑名单与白名单系统（HTTP请求头的来源字段）授权安全

DNS过程：先浏览器缓存然后本底host文件最后外网DNS解析最终获取IP地址

访问虚拟的VIP

lvs是四层负载均衡基于IP+端口号可以管理Nginx集群

外网部署LVS （阿里云有负载均衡器可以买）

Nginx基本要求：一主一备

Nginx走完再走网关

网关可以拦截所有服务请求：日志管理权限控制限流安全控制

既然Nginx可以实现网关，为什么需要Zuul。

Zuul使用Java开发的。Nginx是C开发的。Nginx功能比Zuul更强大。Zuul针对微服务的，Nginx针对服务器的。

Zuul框架是微服务里面的一个组件，网关。

注意： LVS管理Nginx

搭建网关：

1、Nginx也可以实现网关。

a. 基于域名区分

b.基于项目名称

拦击域名进行跳转:

访问：

2、基于SpringCloud Zuul搭建网关

Eureka

服务A

服务B

网关的核心配置：

### 配置网关反向代理    
zuul:
  routes:
    api-a:
      path: /api-a/**
      serviceId: toov5_a     ##服务名称
    api-b:
      path: /api-b/** 
      serviceId: toov5_b     ##服务名称

所以：

###注册 中心
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/
server:
  port: 80
###网关名称
spring:
  application:
    name: service-zuul
### 配置网关反向代理    
zuul:
  routes:
    api-a:
      path: /api-a/**
      serviceId: toov5_a
    api-b:
      path: /api-b/**
      serviceId: toov5_b

pom:

<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RC1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>copy-conf</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>copy-resources</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                            <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/ext/conf</outputDirectory>
                            <resources>
                                <resource>
                                    <directory>ext/conf</directory>
                                    <includes>
                                        <include>logback.xml</include>
                                    </includes>
                                    <filtering>true</filtering>
                                </resource>
                            </resources>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
                <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>0.7.5.201505241946</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>default-prepare-agent</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <id>default-prepare-agent-integration</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>prepare-agent-integration</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
                <artifactId>docker-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>0.4.3</version>
                <configuration>
                    <imageName>hy_uav_gateway</imageName>
                    <dockerDirectory>src/main/docker</dockerDirectory>
                    <resources>
                        <resource>
                            <targetPath>/</targetPath>
                            <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
                            <include>${project.build.finalName}.jar</include>
                            <include>ext/conf/logback.xml</include>
                        </resource>
                    </resources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

Filter：

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;

// 验证Tomcat 参数
public class TokenFilter extends ZuulFilter {

    public Object run() throws ZuulException {

        // 拦截参数执行业务逻辑
        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
        String token = request.getParameter("token");
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(token)) {
            // 直接不能够继续执行下面业务逻辑
            ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false); // 不继续执行下面业务逻辑
            ctx.setResponseStatusCode(500);// 不继续执行下面业务逻辑
            ctx.setResponseBody("token is null");
            return null;
        }
        // 继续正常执行业务逻辑
        return null;
    }

 
    public boolean shouldFilter() {

        return true; // 是否开启当前ilter(
    }

 
    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {

        return 0; // 过滤器优先级 数字越大 越优先执行大
    }

    @Override
    public String filterType() {

        return "pre";// 前置执行
    }

}

启动类：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import com.itmayiedu.filter.TokenFilter;

@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class AppZuul {

    // @EnableZuulProxy 开启Zuul网关代理
    // @EnableEurekaClient 注册到EurekaC

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppZuul.class, args);
    }

    // 注册到SpringBoot 容器
    @Bean
    public TokenFilter accessFilter() {
        return new TokenFilter();
    }

}

补充：

自己实现一套RPC远程调用框架。如何设计？

核心在服务治理。

传统服务与服务之间通讯URL地址管理包括实现负载均衡熔断机制服务降级

服务和服务之间的依赖关系 (注册中心)

API网关是一个公共基础组件，无状态，可支持多套分布式部署。如下图所示：

APIGateway网关安全设计

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