MySQL主从/主主同步部署

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参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/6256603.html

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/10228694.html

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/gl-developer/p/6170423.html

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环境描述：

CentOS7.5

master（node1）：10.0.3.49

slave（node2）：10.0.3.55

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注意事项：

1.时间同步

2.网络畅通，能互相ping到

3.数据库授权对方连接

4.关闭selinuxx

5.同步前，双方数据库数据要一致

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一、安装数据库（都要）

[root@node2 ~]# yum install yum-utils -y
[root@node2 ~]# rpm -ivh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
[root@node2 ~]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
[root@node2 ~]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
[root@node2 ~]# yum install mysql-community-server -y

启动mysql服务，修改初始密码

[root@node2 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log 
2019-01-08T08:42:53.031646Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: y0oagT8rqV<g
[root@node2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'y0oagT8rqV<g'
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges
    -> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

二、主数据库的操作（node1机器）

修改my.cnf，加上下面几行

server-id=1     #数据库唯一ID，主从的标识号绝对不能重复
log-bin=mysql-bin       #开启二进制日志
binlog-do-db=huanqiu    #只同步huanqiu数据库
binlog-ignore-db=mysql  #不同步mysql库

#以下几行可用没有，网上资料有上面两行即可
#binlog-do-db=huanqiu  #需要同步的数据库。如果是多个同步库，就以此格式另写几行即可。如果不指明对某个具体库同步，就去掉此行，表示同步所有库（除了ignore忽略的库）。
#binlog-ignore-db=mysql  #不同步mysql系统数据库。如果是多个不同步库，就以此格式另写几行；也可以在一行，中间逗号隔开。
#sync_binlog = 1      #确保binlog日志写入后与硬盘同步
#binlog_checksum = none  #跳过现有的采用checksum的事件，mysql5.6.5以后的版本中binlog_checksum=crc32,而低版本都是binlog_checksum=none
#binlog_format = mixed   #bin-log日志文件格式，设置为MIXED可以防止主键重复。

重启数据库

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

添加数据库，插入两条数据：

[root@node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> CREATE DATABASE huanqiu CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use huanqiu;
Database changed
mysql> create table if not exists haha (id int(10) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,name varchar(50) NOT NULL);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>  insert into huanqiu.haha values(1,"wangshibo"),(2,"guohuihui");
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from huanqiu.haha;
+----+-----------+
| id | name      |
+----+-----------+
|  1 | wangshibo |
|  2 | guohuihui |
+----+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

导出数据库，同步到slave机器上：

在导出数据之前，看看呀先在数据库中执行flush tables with read lock;数据库只读锁定，保证双方在同步环境实现前的数据一致

在从数据库配置好后再使用unlock tables解锁

[root@node1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot huanqiu -p > /opt/huanqiu.sql
[root@node1 ~]# rsync -e "ssh -p22" -avz /opt/huanqiu.sql 10.0.3.55:/opt/

添加用于同步数据的账号，设置数据同步权限

mysql> CREATE USER slave@'10.0.3.55' IDENTIFIED BY 'slavepass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to slave@'10.0.3.55';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show grants for slave@'10.0.3.55';
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for [email protected]                                               |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'slave'@'10.0.3.55' |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看主服务器的master状态，待会儿要用到：

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 |     1927 | huanqiu      | mysql            |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

三、在slave数据库上的 操作（node2）

修改my.cnf  ,记得重启数据库

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
...
server-id=2             #数据库唯一ID，不能和朱数据库一样
log-bin=mysql-bin       #开启二进制日志
replicate-do-db=huanqiu #需要同步的数据库名
replicate-ignore-db=mysql       #不同步的数据库
slave-skip-errors=all   #跳过所有的错误，继续执行复制操作

[root@node2 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

创建数据库并导入数据库文件

[root@node2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> create database huanqiu character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use huanqiu;
Database changed
mysql> source /opt/huanqiu.sql
mysql> select * from huanqiu.haha;
+----+-----------+
| id | name      |
+----+-----------+
|  1 | wangshibo |
|  2 | guohuihui |
+----+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

配置主从同步命令：

执行同步之前要先关闭slave，执行完主同步指令之后再开启slave，再查看slave状态显示IO和SQL线程状态均为YES时，表示主从已经实现同步

mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> change master to master_host='10.0.3.49',master_user='slave',master_password='slavepass',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=1927;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 10.0.3.49
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1927
               Relay_Log_File: node2-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: huanqiu
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1927
              Relay_Log_Space: 527
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 0e21b00b-1320-11e9-9f26-000c29cfbe2f
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| huanqiu            |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

四、测试

在主数据库上插入数据

mysql> insert into huanqiu.haha values(100,"shanxi");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

在从数据库上查看：

mysql> select * from huanqiu.haha;
+-----+-----------+
| id  | name      |
+-----+-----------+
|   1 | wangshibo |
|   2 | guohuihui |
| 100 | shanxi    |
+-----+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

---

---

下面是mysql主主模式的操作：

原理不说了，看大佬的博客去：https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/6256603.html

一、主服务器的操作：

修改my,cnf并重启服务，相比主从模式多了最后两行

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id=1 #数据库唯一ID，主从的标识号绝对不能重复
log-bin=mysql-bin #开启二进制日志
binlog-do-db=huanqiu #只同步huanqiu数据库
binlog-ignore-db=mysql #不同步mysql库
auto-increment_increment=2 #设置每次增长的量为2
auto-increment_offset=1 #主服务器的初始偏移量为1
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

数据库同步授权,保证对方对方机器能连到本机
授权node2能连到本机的数据库,做好防火墙规则:

mysql> CREATE USER slave@'10.0.3.55' IDENTIFIED BY 'slavepass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to slave@'10.0.3.55';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show grants for slave@'10.0.3.55';
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for [email protected]                                               |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'slave'@'10.0.3.55' |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

最好将数据库锁住,仅仅允许读,保证数据一致性,等主主环境部署后再解锁

mysql> flush tables with read lock;

查看master状态，待会儿要用:

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 |      154 | huanqiu      | mysql            |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

二、node2的操作

修改配置文件my.cnf

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id=2             #数据库唯一ID，不能和朱数据库一样
log-bin=mysql-bin       #开启二进制日志
replicate-do-db=huanqiu #需要同步的数据库名
replicate-ignore-db=mysql       #不同步的数据库
slave-skip-errors=all   #跳过所有的错误，继续执行复制操作
auto-increment-increment=2      #自增长为2
auto-increment-offset=2         #初始偏移量为2，另一个数据库是1，刚好错开
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

数据库授权：

[root@node2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> create user slave@'10.0.3.49' identified by 'slavepass';
mysql> show grants for slave@'10.0.3.49';
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for [email protected]                                                |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'slave'@'10.0.3.49' |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看这个主节点的状态：

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |      957 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

三、执行主主同步操作

现在node2上进行（server-id为2）：

现在slave数据库上同步master的设置

mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='10.0.3.49',master_user='slave',master_password='slavepass',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',master_log_pos=154;
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 10.0.3.49
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
               Relay_Log_File: node2-relay-bin.000007
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: huanqiu
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql

再在master上做同步slave的设置：

mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='10.0.3.55',master_user='slave',master_password='slavepass',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=957;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 10.0.3.55
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 957
               Relay_Log_File: node1-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

IO和SQL线程显示YES表示操作没问题

四、测试

node1上增加数据：

mysql> select * from huanqiu.haha;
+-----+-----------+
| id  | name      |
+-----+-----------+
|   1 | wangshibo |
|   2 | guohuihui |
| 100 | shanxi    |
+-----+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> insert into huanqiu.haha values(15,"tangquan");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

node2上查看：

mysql> select * from huanqiu.haha;
+-----+-----------+
| id  | name      |
+-----+-----------+
|   1 | wangshibo |
|   2 | guohuihui |
|  15 | tangquan  |
| 100 | shanxi    |
+-----+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

node2上删除数据：

mysql> delete from huanqiu.haha where id=100;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from huanqiu.haha;
+----+-----------+
| id | name      |
+----+-----------+
|  1 | wangshibo |
|  2 | guohuihui |
| 15 | tangquan  |
+----+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

node1上查看：

mysql> select * from huanqiu.haha;
+----+-----------+
| id | name      |
+----+-----------+
|  1 | wangshibo |
|  2 | guohuihui |
| 15 | tangquan  |
+----+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

到此结束，文章一大篇，看起来很头疼，按照教程一步一步做完，其实很简单...

再次感谢散尽浮华博主