Intent的详细解析以及用法
Android的四大组件分别为Activity 、Service、BroadcastReceiver（广播接收器）、ContentProvider（内容提供者），这四种组件是独立的，它们之间可以互相调用，协调工作，最终组成一个真正的Android应用，Intent的中文意思为“意图”，在Android中可以理解为想要做什么，实现activity之间的跳转。
Intent在Android中常见的使用：
显示网页:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,uri);
startActivity(it); 显示地图:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.Action_VIEW,uri);
startActivity(it); 路径规划:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,URI);
startActivity(it); 拨打电话:
调用拨号程序
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:xxxxxx");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);
startActivity(it);
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel.xxxxxx");
Intent it =new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL,uri);
要使用这个必须在配置文件中加入<uses-permission id="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
发送SMS/MMS
调用发送短信的程序
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");
startActivity(it);
发送短信
Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
startActivity(it); 发送彩信
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);
it.setType("image/png");
startActivity(it); 发送Email
Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:[email protected]");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
startActivity(it);
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "[email protected]");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
it.setType("text/plain");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
String[] tos={"[email protected]"};
String[] ccs={"[email protected]"};
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.setType("message/rfc822");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 添加附件
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Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3");
sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 播放多媒体
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3");
it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3");
startActivity(it);
Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
Uninstall 程序
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null);
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);
startActivity(it); Install 程序
Uri installUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null);
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, installUri); 搜索应用
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
//where pkg_name is the full package path for an application
显示指定应用的详细页面（这个好像不支持了，找不到app_id）
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=app_id");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
//where app_id is the application ID, find the ID
//by clicking on your application on Market home
//page, and notice the ID from the address bar
打开另一程序
Intent i = new Intent();
ComponentName cn = new ComponentName("com.drip.android2",
"com.drip.android2.AndroidSearch");
i.setComponent(cn);
i.setAction("android.intent.action.MAIN");
startActivityForResult(i, RESULT_OK);
打开联系人列表
<1>
Intent i = new Intent();
i.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
i.setType("vnd.android.cursor.item/phone");
startActivityForResult(i, REQUEST_TEXT);
<2>
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://contacts/people");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, uri);
startActivityForResult(it, REQUEST_TEXT);
打开录音机
Intent mi = new Intent(Media.RECORD_SOUND_ACTION);
startActivity(mi);
从gallery选取图片
Inten t i = new Intent();
i.setType("image/*");
i.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
startActivityForResult(i, 11);
打开照相机
<1>
Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CAMERA_BUTTON, null);
this.sendBroadcast(i);
<2>
long dateTaken = System.currentTimeMillis();
String name = createName(dateTaken) + ".jpg";
fileName = folder + name;
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(Images.Media.TITLE, fileName);
values.put("_data", fileName);
values.put(Images.Media.PICASA_ID, fileName);
values.put(Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
values.put(Images.Media.DESCRIPTION, fileName);
values.put(Images.ImageColumns.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
Uri photoUri = getContentResolver().insert(
MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values);
Intent inttPhoto = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
inttPhoto.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoUri);
startActivityForResult(inttPhoto, 10);
播放多媒体
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3");
it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3");
startActivity(it); 或者
Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
或者
Uri playUri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/download/everything.mp3");
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, playUri);
发送Email
Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:[email protected]");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
startActivity(it);
或者:
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, address);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, filename);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.parse("file://" + filename)); ;
intent.setType("text/csv");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, "EMail File"));
或者:
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "[email protected]");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
it.setType("text/plain");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
或者:
Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
String[] tos={"[email protected]"};
String[] ccs={"[email protected]"};
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.setType("message/rfc822");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
或者:
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3");
sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 后台发送短信
注册权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
代码实现 :
// 获取信息内容
String message ;
// 移动运营商允许每次发送的字节数据有限，我们可以使用Android给我们提供 的短信工具。
if (message != null) {
SmsManager sms = SmsManager.getDefault();
// 如果短信没有超过限制长度，则返回一个长度的List。
List<String> texts = sms.divideMessage(message);
for (String text : texts) {
sms.sendTextMessage(“这里是接收者电话号码”, “这里是发送者电话号码”, “这里是短信内容”, null, null);
}
}
//说明
sms.sendTextMessage(destinationAddress, scAddress, text, sentIntent, deliveryIntent)：
destinationAddress:接收方的手机号码
scAddress:发送方的手机号码
text:信息内容
sentIntent:发送是否成功的回执，
DeliveryIntent:接收是否成功的回执，
从google搜索内容
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH);
intent.putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY,"searchString")
startActivity(intent);
APK 安装
Intent intent =new Intenet();
String filepath="/SDCard/XXX.apk";
intent.setDataAndType(Uri.parse("file://" + filepath),"application/vnd.android.package-archive");
starActivity(intent);
//activity之间的跳转
Intent intent=new Intent();
intent.setClass(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);Intent 显式与隐式的用法
1）显示跳转到下一个活动。
Intent intent = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);
startActivity(intent); //startActivity方法
2）隐式跳转到下一个活动：需要下一个活动提供“匹配接口”Intentfilter。就相当于口令，一个人发出一条口令，另一个人对上了说明是自己人。
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
<data android:scheme="http"/>
</intent-filter>
Intent intent2 = new Intent("com.example.lenovo.component_activity");
intent2.addCategory("com.example.lenovo.component_activity.MY_CATEGORY");
startActivity(intent2);
Intent intent3 = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent3.setData(Uri.parse("http://www.baidu.com"));//tel:10086
startActivity(intent3);
Intent.ACTION_VIEW //android.intent.action.VIEW
Intent.ACTION_DIAL
com.example.lenovo.component_activity.ACTION_START3）传递数据
上一个活动向下一个活动传递数据
intent.putExtra("extra_data", "dafadfadfa"); //键值对下一个活动提取数据
intent = getIntent();
String data = intent.getStringExtra("extra_data"); //通过键提取数据
getIntExtra(String key, int defaultInt);
getBooleanExtra(String key, boolean defaultBoolean);
getCharExtra(String key, char defaultChar);4）返回数据给上一个活动
上一个活动发出请求
startActivityForResult(intent, 1); //请求码
下一个活动返回数据
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.putExtra("data_return", "Hello MainActivity");
setResult(RESULT_OK, intent);
finish();
上一个活动接受信息
//重写onActiviResult方法
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requstCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
switch (requstCode){ //请求码
case 1:
if(RESULT_OK == requstCode){ //处理结果码 RESULT_CANCELED
String returnResult = data.getStringExtra("data_return");
}
break;
default:
}
}