vector::push_back() and vector::pop_back() in C++ STL

Vectors are same as dynamic arrays with the ability to resize itself automatically when an element is inserted or deleted, with their storage being handled automatically by the container.

vector::push_back()

push_back() function is used to push elements into a vector from the back. The new value is inserted into the vector at the end, after the current last element and the container size is increased by 1. push_back()函数把元素插在vector的尾部，新值插在vector的尾部。容器大小加一。
Syntax :

vectorname.push_back(value)
Parameters :
The value to be added in the back is 
passed as the parameter
Result :
Adds the value mentioned as the parameter 
to the back of the vector named as vectorname

Examples:

Input : myvector = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        myvector.push_back(6);
Output :1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Input : myvector = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
        myvector.push_back(0);
Output :5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0

Errors and Exceptions

1. Strong exception guarantee – if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the container.
2. If the value passed as argument is not supported by the vector, it shows undefined behaviour.

// CPP program to illustrate 
// push_back() function 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 

int main() 
{ 
	vector<int> myvector{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; 
	myvector.push_back(6); 

	// Vector becomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 

	for (auto it = myvector.begin(); it != myvector.end(); ++it) 
		cout << ' ' << *it; 
}

Output:

1 2 3 4 5 6

vector::pop_back()()

pop_back() function is used to pop or remove elements from a vector from the back. The value is removed from the vector from the end, and the container size is decreased by 1. pop_back() 在vector尾部删除数据，容器大小减一。
Syntax :

vectorname.pop_back()
Parameters :
No parameters are passed
Result :
Removes the value present at the end or back 
of the given vector named as vectorname

Examples:

Input : myvector = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        myvector.pop_back();
Output :1, 2, 3, 4

Input : myvector = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
        myvector.pop_back();
Output :5, 4, 3, 2

Errors and Exceptions

1. No-Throw-Guarantee – if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the container.
2. If the vector is empty, it shows undefined behaviour.

// CPP program to illustrate 
// pop_back() function 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 

int main() 
{ 
	vector<int> myvector{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; 
	myvector.pop_back(); 

	// Vector becomes 1, 2, 3, 4 

	for (auto it = myvector.begin(); it != myvector.end(); ++it) 
		cout << ' ' << *it; 
}

Output:

1 2 3 4

Does pop_back() removes values along with elements ?

When pop_back() function is called, element at the last is removed, values and elements are one of the same thing in this case. The destructor of the stored object is called, and length of the vector is removed by 1. If the container’s capacity is not reduced, then you can still access the previous memory location but in this case, there is no use of accessing an already popped element, as it will result in an undefined behavior. 调用pop_back()，删除最后的元素，这种情况的值和元素是相同的。调用删除操作时，vector的长度减1，如果容器的大小不变，那么还可以访问之前的元素，但仅限于此，访问已经删除的元素没有什么用，会导致未定义的行为。

Application push_back() and pop_back()
Given an empty vector, add integers to it using push_back function and then calculate its size.

Input  : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Output : 6

Algorithm
1. Add elements to the vector using push_back function
2. Check if the size of the vector is 0, if not, increment the counter variable initialised as 0, and pop the back element.
3. Repeat this step until the size of the vector becomes 0.
4. Print the final value of the variable.

// CPP program to illustrate 
// Application of push_back and pop_back function 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 

int main() 
{ 
	int count = 0; 
	vector<int> myvector; 
	myvector.push_back(1); 
	myvector.push_back(2); 
	myvector.push_back(3); 
	myvector.push_back(4); 
	myvector.push_back(5); 
	myvector.push_back(6); 
	while (!myvector.empty()) { 
		count++; 
		myvector.pop_back(); 
	} 
	cout << count; 
	return 0; 
}

Output:

vector::push_back() and vector::pop_back() in C++ STL

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