爬虫pyquery查找节点

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一 子节点

1 find方法

1.1 代码

html = '''
<div id="container">
    <ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
</div>
'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
print(type(items))
print(items)
# find()方法，此时传入的参数是CSS选择器
lis = items.find('li')
print(type(lis))
print(lis)

1.2 结果

E:\WebSpider\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/WebSpider/4_3.py
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

1.3 说明

首先，我们选取class为list的节点，然后调用了find()方法，传入CSS选择器，选取其内部的li节点，最后打印输出。可以发现，find()方法会将符合条件的所有节点选择出来，结果的类型是PyQuery类型。

其实find()的查找范围是节点的所有子孙节点，而如果我们只想查找子节点，那么可以用children()方法

2 children方法

2.1 代码

html = '''
<div id="container">
    <ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
# 只想查找子节点，那么可以用children()方法
lis = items.children()
print(type(lis))
print(lis)

2.2 结果

E:\WebSpider\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/WebSpider/4_3.py
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

3 筛选器

3.1 代码

html = '''
<div id="container">
    <ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
# 可以向children()方法传入CSS选择器.active：
lis = items.children('.active')
print(lis)

3.2 结果

E:\WebSpider\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/WebSpider/4_3.py
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

3.3 说明

输出结果已经做了筛选，留下了class为active的节点。

二 父节点

1 parent反复

1.1 代码

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
# 用parent()方法来获取某个节点的父节点
container = items.parent()
print(type(container))
print(container)

1.2 结果

E:\WebSpider\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/WebSpider/4_3.py
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>

1.3 说明

这里我们首先用.list选取class为list的节点，然后调用parent()方法得到其父节点，其类型依然是PyQuery类型。

这里的父节点是该节点的直接父节点，也就是说，它不会再去查找父节点的父节点，即祖先节点。

但是如果想获取某个祖先节点，该怎么办呢？这时可以用parents()方法

2 parents方法

2.1 代码

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
parents = items.parents()
print(type(parents))
print(parents)

2.2 结果

E:\WebSpider\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/WebSpider/4_3.py
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
</div><div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>

2.3 说明

可以看到，输出结果有两个：一个是class为wrap的节点，一个是id为container的节点。也就是说，parents()方法会返回所有的祖先节点。

3 筛选器

3.1 代码

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')

# parents()方法传入CSS选择器，这样就会返回祖先节点中符合CSS选择器的节点
parent = items.parents('.wrap')
print(parent)

3.2 结果

E:\WebSpider\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/WebSpider/4_3.py
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
</div>

三 兄弟节点

1 siblings

1.1 代码

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
# 这里首先选择class为list的节点内部class为item-0和active的节点，也就是第三个li节点。
# 那么，很明显，它的兄弟节点有4个，那就是第一、二、四、五个li节点。
li = doc('.list .item-0.active')
print(li.siblings())

1.2 结果

E:\WebSpider\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/WebSpider/4_3.py
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

1.3 说明

可以看到，这正是我们刚才所说的4个兄弟节点。

2 筛选器

2.1 代码

html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
</div>
'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
# 这里首先选择class为list的节点内部class为item-0和active的节点，也就是第三个li节点。
# 那么，很明显，它的兄弟节点有4个，那就是第一、二、四、五个li节点。
li = doc('.list .item-0.active')
# 如果要筛选某个兄弟节点，我们依然可以向siblings方法传入CSS选择器，
# 这样就会从所有兄弟节点中挑选出符合条件的节点了
print(li.siblings('.active'))

2.2 结果

E:\WebSpider\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/WebSpider/4_3.py
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

2.3 说明

我们筛选了class为active的节点，通过刚才的结果可以观察到，class为active的兄弟节点只有第四个li节点，所以结果应该是一个。