1、环境：
虚拟机：VMware Workstation
系统：CentOS7.4 x86_64
2、工具：
我这边用的是Xshell6-6.0.0111r，WinSCP
原因就是方便
3、将自己的tomcat用WinSCP部署到对应的路径下启动，发现权限不足
[root@localhost bin]# ./startup.sh
Cannot find ./catalina.sh
The file is absent or does not have execute permission
This file is needed to run this program
4、分批权限
[root@localhost bin]# chmod u+x *.sh
5、再查看文件有权限的都变成了绿色
6、再次启动
[root@localhost bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/java/apache-tomcat8
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/java/apache-tomcat8
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/java/apache-tomcat8/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/java/apache-tomcat8/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
7、查看是否启动成功
第一种查看办法：查看log日志
[root@localhost bin]# cd ../logs
[root@localhost logs]# tail -n -200 -f catalina.out
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.848 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version: Apache Tomcat/8.5.24
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.933 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Nov 27 2017 13:05:30 UTC
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.933 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number: 8.5.24.0
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.933 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.933 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.933 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.933 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201/jre
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.933 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 1.8.0_201-b09
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.933 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.934 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /usr/java/apache-tomcat8
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.934 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /usr/java/apache-tomcat8
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.934 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/conf/logging.properties
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.934 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.934 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.934 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.934 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.934 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/usr/java/apache-tomcat8
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.935 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/usr/java/apache-tomcat8
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.935 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/temp
18-Jan-2019 11:22:20.935 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib]
18-Jan-2019 11:22:21.457 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
18-Jan-2019 11:22:21.486 信息 [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
18-Jan-2019 11:22:21.496 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
18-Jan-2019 11:22:21.498 信息 [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
18-Jan-2019 11:22:21.503 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Initialization processed in 2901 ms
18-Jan-2019 11:22:21.581 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
18-Jan-2019 11:22:21.581 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.24
18-Jan-2019 11:22:21.610 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/webapps/demo]
18-Jan-2019 11:22:36.735 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl' adapter.
18-Jan-2019 11:22:50.820 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/webapps/HuaShengWlWeb] has finished in [29,209] ms
18-Jan-2019 11:22:50.821 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/webapps/ROOT]
18-Jan-2019 11:22:50.881 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/webapps/ROOT] has finished in [60] ms
18-Jan-2019 11:22:50.881 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/webapps/uploadFiles]
18-Jan-2019 11:22:50.915 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/webapps/uploadFiles] has finished in [34] ms
18-Jan-2019 11:22:50.941 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
18-Jan-2019 11:22:51.097 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
18-Jan-2019 11:22:51.242 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 29738 ms
这就是启动成功了
第二种办法：查看tomcat进程信息
[root@localhost logs]# ps -ef|grep tomcat
root 1209 1 10 11:22 pts/0 00:00:31 /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/java/apache-tomcat8/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/java/apache-tomcat8 -Dcatalina.home=/usr/java/apache-tomcat8 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/java/apache-tomcat8/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 1256 1157 0 11:27 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat8、在本地访问，前面的地址就是你虚拟机的ip以及你的项目名
http://192.168.92.129:8080/demo/
发现访问不了
9、开放端口号
本地环境可以直接关掉防火墙
第一种：关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
第二种：开放8080端口，重启防火墙
[root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp
success
[root@localhost ~]# service firewalld restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart firewalld.service
10、访问
当然开放端口号也可以不用命令直接修改配置文件来实现
修改路径为 etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<zone>
<short>Public</short>
<description>For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.</description>
<service name="ssh"/>
<service name="dhcpv6-client"/>
<!-- 开放端口号 -->
<port protocol="tcp" port="8080"/>
</zone>
下面主要简单介绍常见的防火墙区域
-public ：仅允许访问本机的ssh，ping，dhcp服务（防火墙默认区域）
-trusted：允许任何访问
-block：阻塞任何来访请求，明确拒绝
-drop：丢弃任何来访的数据包，直接丢弃
附：一些防火墙常用的命令
1、查看public的所有服务
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: ens33
sources:
services: ssh dhcpv6-client #已经开放的服务
ports: 8080/tcp #已经开放的端口号
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports: #转发端口
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules: 2、查看防火墙开放的端口号
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
8080/tcp
3、添加开放端口号
//永久
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp
success
//临时
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080-8081/tcp
4、删除开放端口号
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --remove-port=443/tcp
success5、重启防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# service firewalld restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart firewalld.service6、端口映射
功能：实现访问http：//192.168.92.129：8081 可以映射到http://192.168.92.129：8080
[root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-forward-port=port=8081:proto=tcp:toport=8080
success
//更新防火墙规则
[root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success