poi实现生成下拉选联动

    在我们实际的程序开发中,经常需要用到从excel导入数据中系统中,而为了防止用户在excel中乱输入文字,有些需要用到下拉选的地方,就需要从程序中动态生成模板。本例子简单的讲解一下,如何生成级联下拉选。

效果图:(选择汽车这个下拉选、后面水果下拉选的值动态改变)


级联下拉选的实现步骤:

1.在excel中的另外一个sheet页中,保存着下拉选的值

2.给下拉中的数据创建一个名字( 类似于在excel中操作命名管理器 )

3.使用INDIRECT()函数获取到级联下拉选的值。

4.poi官网上创建级联下拉选的说明



  本例子中,动态excel模板的生成的一个简单思路。

注意:每一个模板字段,都是一个ExportDefinition对象,如果是下拉选的类型,则mainDict字段有值,根据它的值从DictData中加载下拉选的值,如果选择它存在一个级联操作,那么subDictsubField字段有值。subDict也是从DictData中加载数据,subField表示级联的字段

思路:

1.根据一组ExportDefinition定义对象,生成excel的导出模板,此时导出的模板中只有一行到出头数据。

2.创建数据字典页,这个里面保存下拉选需要用到的数据。

3.如果是主下拉选,则给主下拉选创建一个名称管理。

4.如果是主下拉选,并且关联了级联下拉选,则此时需要加载子下拉选的数据,且根据主下拉选中的每一项创建一个名称管理,值为关联的子下拉选的值

5.使用INDIRECT函数、设置数据的有效性等。

步骤:

1.创建下拉选的值

public class DictData {
	public static Map<String, Object> dict = null;
	static {
		dict = new HashMap<>();
		List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
		list.add("汽车");
		list.add("水果");
		dict.put("car-dict", list);
		Map<String, List<String>> subMap = new HashMap<>();
		list = new ArrayList<>();
		list.add("宝马");
		list.add("大众");
		subMap.put("汽车", list);
		list = new ArrayList<>();
		list.add("苹果");
		list.add("梨子");
		subMap.put("水果", list);
		dict.put("fruit-dict", subMap);
		list = new ArrayList<>();
		list.add("汽车-1");
		list.add("水果-1");
		dict.put("t-dict", list);
	}

	/** 获取数据字典中的值 */
	public static Object getDict(String dict) {
		return DictData.dict.get(dict);
	}
}

 2.创建一个RowCellIndex对象,用于维护,当前创建了下拉选的第几行第几列

public class RowCellIndex {
	/** 单元格的行索引 */
	private int rowIndex;
	/** 单元格的列索引 */
	private int cellIndex;
	public RowCellIndex(int rowIndex, int cellIndex) {
		this.rowIndex = rowIndex;
		this.cellIndex = cellIndex;
	}
	public int getRowIndex() {
		return rowIndex;
	}
	public void setRowIndex(int rowIndex) {
		this.rowIndex = rowIndex;
	}
	public int getCellIndex() {
		return cellIndex;
	}
	public void setCellIndex(int cellIndex) {
		this.cellIndex = cellIndex;
	}
	public int incrementRowIndexAndGet() {
		this.rowIndex++;
		return this.getRowIndex();
	}
	public int incrementCellIndexAndGet() {
		this.cellIndex++;
		return this.getCellIndex();
	}
}

 3.创建一个excel列的导出定义对象,省略部分getter和setter方法

public class ExportDefinition {
	private String title; // 标题
	private String field; // 字段
	private int rowIndex; // 所在的行
	private int cellIndex; // 所在的列
	private String mainDict; // 主字典-用于加载主字典的数据
	private String subDict; // 子字典-用于加载subField的数据
	private String subField; // 即需要级联的字典
	private String refName; // 主字段所在的位置
	private String point; // 标题的坐标
	private boolean validate;// 是否设置数据的有限性
	public ExportDefinition(String title, String field, String mainDict, String subDict, String subField) {
		this.title = title;
		this.field = field;
		this.mainDict = mainDict;
		this.subDict = subDict;
		this.subField = subField;
	}

 4.实现导出

package com.huan.excel.ex2;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Objects;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.DVConstraint;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataValidation;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.CellReference;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DataValidation;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Name;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;

/**
 * 生成级联下拉选
 * 
 * @描述
 * @作者 huan
 * @时间 2017年3月31日 - 下午9:14:43
 */
public class DropDownListTest {

	private static final String DICT_SHEET = "DICT_SHEET";

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		// 1.准备需要生成excel模板的数据
		List<ExportDefinition> edList = new ArrayList<>(2);
		edList.add(new ExportDefinition("生活用品", "xx", null, null, null));
		edList.add(new ExportDefinition("汽车", "cat", "car-dict", "fruit-dict", "fruit"));
		edList.add(new ExportDefinition("水果", "fruit", "fruit-dict", "", ""));
		edList.add(new ExportDefinition("测试", "yy", "t-dict", null, null));

		// 2.生成导出模板
		Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
		Sheet sheet = createExportSheet(edList, wb);

		// 3.创建数据字典sheet页
		createDictSheet(edList, wb);

		// 4.设置数据有效性
		setDataValidation(edList, sheet);

		// 5.保存excel到本地
		OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("d:/4.xls");
		wb.write(os);

		System.out.println("模板生成成功.");
	}
   public static void createDataValidateSubList(Sheet sheet, ExportDefinition ed) {
		int rowIndex = ed.getRowIndex();
		CellRangeAddressList cal;
		DVConstraint constraint;
		CellReference cr;
		DataValidation dataValidation;
		System.out.println(ed);
		for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
			int tempRowIndex = ++rowIndex;
			cal = new CellRangeAddressList(tempRowIndex, tempRowIndex, ed.getCellIndex(), ed.getCellIndex());
			cr = new CellReference(rowIndex, ed.getCellIndex() - 1, true, true);
			constraint = DVConstraint.createFormulaListConstraint("INDIRECT(" + cr.formatAsString() + ")");
			dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(cal, constraint);
			dataValidation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(false);
			dataValidation.createPromptBox("操作提示", "请选择下拉选中的值");
			dataValidation.createErrorBox("错误提示", "请从下拉选中选择,不要随便输入");
			sheet.addValidationData(dataValidation);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param edList
	 * @param sheet
	 */
	private static void setDataValidation(List<ExportDefinition> edList, Sheet sheet) {
		for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
			if (ed.isValidate()) {// 说明是下拉选
				DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.createFormulaListConstraint(ed.getField());
				if (null == ed.getRefName()) {// 说明是一级下拉选
					createDataValidate(sheet, ed, constraint);
				} else {// 说明是二级下拉选
					createDataValidateSubList(sheet, ed);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param sheet
	 * @param ed
	 * @param constraint
	 */
	private static void createDataValidate(Sheet sheet, ExportDefinition ed, DVConstraint constraint) {
		CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(ed.getRowIndex() + 1, ed.getRowIndex() + 100, ed.getCellIndex(), ed.getCellIndex());
		DataValidation dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
		dataValidation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(false);
		// 设置提示信息
		dataValidation.createPromptBox("操作提示", "请选择下拉选中的值");
		// 设置输入错误信息
		dataValidation.createErrorBox("错误提示", "请从下拉选中选择,不要随便输入");
		sheet.addValidationData(dataValidation);
	}

	/**
	 * @param edList
	 * @param wb
	 */
	private static void createDictSheet(List<ExportDefinition> edList, Workbook wb) {
		Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet(DICT_SHEET);
		RowCellIndex rci = new RowCellIndex(0, 0);
		for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
			String mainDict = ed.getMainDict();
			if (null != mainDict && null == ed.getRefName()) {// 是第一个下拉选
				List<String> mainDictList = (List<String>) DictData.getDict(mainDict);
				String refersToFormula = createDictAndReturnRefFormula(sheet, rci, mainDictList);
				// 创建 命名管理
				createName(wb, ed.getField(), refersToFormula);
				ed.setValidate(true);
			}
			if (null != mainDict && null != ed.getSubDict() && null != ed.getSubField()) {// 联动时加载ed.getSubField()的数据
				ExportDefinition subEd = fiterByField(edList, ed.getSubField());// 获取需要级联的那个字段
				if (null == subEd) {
					continue;
				}
				subEd.setRefName(ed.getPoint());// 保存主下拉选的位置
				subEd.setValidate(true);
				Map<String, List<String>> subDictListMap = (Map<String, List<String>>) DictData.getDict(ed.getSubDict());
				for (Entry<String, List<String>> entry : subDictListMap.entrySet()) {
					String refersToFormula = createDictAndReturnRefFormula(sheet, rci, entry.getValue());
					// 创建 命名管理
					createName(wb, entry.getKey(), refersToFormula);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param sheet
	 * @param rci
	 * @param mainDict
	 * @return
	 */
	private static String createDictAndReturnRefFormula(Sheet sheet, RowCellIndex rci, List<String> datas) {
		Row row = sheet.createRow(rci.incrementRowIndexAndGet());
		rci.setCellIndex(0);
		int startRow = rci.getRowIndex();
		int startCell = rci.getCellIndex();
		for (String dict : datas) {
			row.createCell(rci.incrementCellIndexAndGet()).setCellValue(dict);
		}
		int endRow = rci.getRowIndex();
		int endCell = rci.getCellIndex();
		String startName = new CellReference(DICT_SHEET, startRow, startCell, true, true).formatAsString();
		String endName = new CellReference(endRow, endCell, true, true).formatAsString();
		String refersToFormula = startName + ":" + endName;
		System.out.println(refersToFormula);
		return refersToFormula;
	}

	/**
	 * @param wb
	 * @param nameName
	 *            表示命名管理的名字
	 * @param refersToFormula
	 */
	private static void createName(Workbook wb, String nameName, String refersToFormula) {
		Name name = wb.createName();
		name.setNameName(nameName);
		name.setRefersToFormula(refersToFormula);
	}

	private static ExportDefinition fiterByField(List<ExportDefinition> edList, String field) {
		for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
			if (Objects.equals(ed.getField(), field)) {
				return ed;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * @param edList
	 * @param wb
	 */
	private static Sheet createExportSheet(List<ExportDefinition> edList, Workbook wb) {
		Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet("导出模板");
		RowCellIndex rci = new RowCellIndex(0, 0);
		Row row = sheet.createRow(rci.getRowIndex());
		CellReference cr = null;
		for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
			row.createCell(rci.incrementCellIndexAndGet()).setCellValue(ed.getTitle());
			ed.setRowIndex(rci.getRowIndex());
			ed.setCellIndex(rci.getCellIndex());
			cr = new CellReference(ed.getRowIndex() + 1, ed.getCellIndex(), true, true);
			ed.setPoint(cr.formatAsString());
		}
		return sheet;
	}

}

 



 
 

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转载自huan1993.iteye.com/blog/2366942
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