官方：http://nginx.org
nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, a mail proxy server, and a generic TCP/UDP proxy server, originally written by Igor Sysoev. For a long time, it has been running on many heavily loaded Russian sites including Yandex, Mail.Ru, VK, and Rambler. According to Netcraft, nginx served or proxied 25.89% busiest sites in December 2018. Here are some of the success stories: Dropbox, Netflix, Wordpress.com, FastMail.FM.
Nginx是一个Http服务器、反向代理服务器、邮件代理服务器、通用TCP/UDP代理服务器，目前已经占据25%的市场份额。
一 安装
官方下载页面：http://nginx.org/en/download.html
下载编译过程如下：
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz
# tar xvf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.14.2
# ./configure --prefix=/data/nginx-1.14.2 --with-http_ssl_module
# make
# make install
# ls /data/nginx-1.14.2/
conf html logs sbin
# ls /data/nginx-1.14.2/sbin
nginx
# ls /data/nginx-1.14.2/conf
fastcgi.conf fastcgi_params koi-utf mime.types nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params win-utf
fastcgi.conf.default fastcgi_params.default koi-win mime.types.default nginx.conf.default scgi_params.default uwsgi_params.default
configure详细参数详见官方文档：http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
configure过程可能报错：
1）./configure: error: C compiler cc is not found
yum install gcc
2）./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.
yum install pcre-devel
3）./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.
yum install zlib-devel
4）./configure: error: SSL modules require the OpenSSL library.
You can either do not enable the modules, or install the OpenSSL library
into the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source
with nginx by using --with-openssl=<path> option.
yum install openssl-devel
二 使用
1 配置
默认配置：$NGINX_HOME/conf/nginx.conf
如果改为其他名字，需要在启动时通过-c制定
1）端口
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
可以修改端口，如果是80端口，必须使用root启动，因为只有root才能使用1024以下端口；
2）反向代理--负载均衡
upstream test_backend { ip_hash; server 192.168.0.54:8080; server 192.168.0.55:8080; }location / { proxy_pass http://test_backend;
可以配置多个upstream，每个upstream指向一组后端服务器，比如一组tomcat，然后在server中制定哪些location的请求转发给哪些upstream，实现负载均衡；
完整配置如下：
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream test_backend {
ip_hash;
server 192.168.0.54:8080;
server 192.168.0.55:8080;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
proxy_pass http://test_backend;
}
}
}
2 命令
# sbin/nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.14.2
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]
Options:
-?,-h : this help
-v : show version and exit
-V : show version and configure options then exit
-t : test configuration and exit
-T : test configuration, dump it and exit
-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /data/nginx-1.14.2/)
-c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
2.1 启动
# nginx -c conf/nginx.conf
启动之后进程如下：
# ps aux|grep nginx
root 3072 0.0 0.0 45852 1956 ? Ss 20:11 0:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx -c conf/nginx.conf
nobody 3218 0.0 0.0 48396 2552 ? S 20:14 0:00 nginx: worker process
2.2 停止
# nginx -c conf/nginx.conf -s stop
2.3 刷新配置
# nginx -c conf/nginx.conf -s reload