Springcloud负载均衡feign与Hystrix断路器(四)

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springcloud学习总结

4、负载均衡feign与Hystrix断路器

一、ribbon与feign有什么区别?

Ribbon
Ribbon 是一个基于 HTTP 和 TCP 客户端的负载均衡器

它可以在客户端配置 ribbonServerList(服务端列表),然后轮询请求以实现均衡负载

它在联合 Eureka 使用时

ribbonServerList 会被 DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList 重写,扩展成从 Eureka 注册中心获取服务端列表

同时它也会用 NIWSDiscoveryPing 来取代 IPing,它将职责委托给 Eureka 来确定服务端是否已经启动

Feign
Spring Cloud Netflix 的微服务都是以 HTTP 接口的形式暴露的,所以可以用 Apache 的 HttpClient 或 Spring 的 RestTemplate 去調用

而 Feign 是一個使用起來更加方便的 HTTP 客戶端,它用起來就好像調用本地方法一樣,完全感覺不到是調用的遠程方法

总结起来就是:发布到注册中心的服务方接口,是 HTTP 的,也可以不用 Ribbon 或者 Feign,直接浏览器一样能够访问

只不过 Ribbon 或者 Feign 调用起来要方便一些,最重要的是:它俩都支持软负载均衡

注意:spring-cloud-starter-feign 里面已经包含了 spring-cloud-starter-ribbon(Feign 中也使用了 Ribbon)
二、feign的使用
新建consumerfeign模块

修改pom文件增加依赖

<dependencies>
       <dependency><!-- 自己定义的api -->
           <groupId>springcloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
           <version>${project.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <!-- Ribbon相关 -->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>springcloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
           <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
       </dependency>
   </dependencies>

新建application.yml文件

server:
  port: 80
  

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true



eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url: 
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/

服务消费处理器(controller)

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;

import java.util.List;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.DeptClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer
{
	@Autowired
	private DeptClientService service;

	@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
	public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
	{
		return this.service.get(id);
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/list")
	public List<Dept> list()
	{
		return this.service.list();
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/add")
	public Object add(Dept dept)
	{
		return this.service.add(dept);
	}
}

新建配置类

package com.atguigu.springcloud.cfgbeans;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean { 
	@Bean
	public IRule myRule()
	{
		//return new RoundRobinRule();
		//return new RandomRule();//达到的目的,用我们重新选择的随机算法替代默认的轮询。
		return new RetryRule();
	}
}

主启动类

package com.atguigu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages= {"com.atguigu.springcloud"})
@ComponentScan("com.atguigu.springcloud")
public class DeptConsumer80_Feign_App
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_Feign_App.class, args);
	}
}

修改api模块,新增service包以及新建接口

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
@FeignClient(value = "MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT")
public interface DeptClientService
{
	@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/get/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") long id);

	@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public List<Dept> list();

	@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public boolean add(Dept dept);
}

启动注册中心、提供者与此消费者查看结果
http://localhost:80/consumer/dept/list

三、Hystrix的出现以及使用

为什么会出现

在微服务架构中,根据业务来拆分成一个个的服务,服务与服务之间可以相互调用(RPC) 。为了保证其高可用,单个服务通常会集群部署。由于网络原因或者自身的原因,服务并不能保证100%可用,如果单个服务出现问题,调用这个服务就会出现线程阻塞,此时若有大量的请求涌入,Servlet容器的线程资源会被消耗完毕,导致服务瘫痪。服务与服务之间的依赖性,故障会传播,会对整个微服务系统造成灾难性的严重后果,这就是服务故障的“雪崩”效应。

初始接触

新建模块hystrix

pom

<dependencies>
        <!-- hystrix -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 将微服务provider注册进eureka -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Dept部门Entity -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- actuator监控信息完善 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

application

server:
  port: 8001
  
mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml  #mybatis所在路径
  type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities #entity别名类
  mapper-locations:
  - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml #mapper映射文件
    
spring:
   application:
    name: microservicecloud-dept 
   datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01
    username: root
    password: 123321
    dbcp2:
      min-idle: 5
      initial-size: 5
      max-total: 5
      max-wait-millis: 200
      
eureka:
  client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内
    service-url: 
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
  instance:
    instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8001-hystrix   #自定义hystrix相关的服务名称信息
    prefer-ip-address: true     #访问路径可以显示IP地址
      
info:
  app.name: atguigu-microservicecloud
  company.name: www.atguigu.com
  build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
  build.version: $project.version$
      

拷贝provider8001的mapper.xml、dao、service、controller

修改controller

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.DeptService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;

@RestController
public class DeptController
{
	@Autowired
	private DeptService service = null;

	@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/get/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	//一旦调用服务方法失败并抛出了错误信息后,会自动调用@HystrixCommand标注好的fallbackMethod调用类中的指定方法
	@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "processHystrix_Get")
	public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
	{

		Dept dept = this.service.get(id);
		
		if (null == dept) {
			throw new RuntimeException("该ID:" + id + "没有没有对应的信息");
		}
		
		return dept;
	}

	public Dept processHystrix_Get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
	{
		return new Dept().setDeptno(id).setDname("该ID:" + id + "没有没有对应的信息,null--@HystrixCommand")
				.setDb_source("no this database in MySQL");
	}
}

新建主启动类

package com.atguigu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient //本服务启动后会自动注册进eureka服务中
@EnableDiscoveryClient //服务发现
@EnableCircuitBreaker//对hystrixR熔断机制的支持
public class DeptProvider8001_Hystrix_App
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_Hystrix_App.class, args);
	}
}

启动注册中心,hystrix与服务消费者,输入数据库存在的id与不存在的,查看输出
http://localhost:80/consumer/dept/get/{id}

后续:hystrix模块的问题与改进,视图监控界面的使用…

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_41001945/article/details/86174530