正文
The mysqldump client utility performs logical backups, producing a set of SQL statements that can be executed to reproduce the original database object definitions and table data. It dumps one or more MySQL databases for backup or transfer to another SQL server. The mysqldump command can also generate output in CSV, other delimited text, or XML format.
mysqldump是MySQL官方自带的逻辑备份工具。备份结果是生成一系列的文本SQL语句,可以很方便地用作数据备份,也可以用于数据迁移。平时逻辑备份时用mysqldump是最多的,但也没好好进行学习总结,本文主要就mysqldump常用选项和主要用法作个学习总结。
关于mysqldump更详细的信息可以参考官方文档:https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqldump.html
本文使用的MySQL版本为官方社区版 5.7.24
。
(root@localhost) [test] > select version();
+------------+
| version() |
+------------+
| 5.7.24-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
主要说明
# mysqldump --help
mysqldump Ver 10.13 Distrib 5.7.24, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Dumping structure and contents of MySQL databases and tables.
Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
The following groups are read: mysqldump client
The following options may be given as the first argument:
--print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit.
--no-defaults Don't read default options from any option file,
except for login file.
--defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #.
--defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.
--defaults-group-suffix=#
Also read groups with concat(group, suffix)
--login-path=# Read this path from the login file.
-A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databases
with all databases selected.
-Y, --all-tablespaces
Dump all the tablespaces.
-y, --no-tablespaces
Do not dump any tablespace information.
--add-drop-database Add a DROP DATABASE before each create.
--add-drop-table Add a DROP TABLE before each create.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-add-drop-table to disable.)
--add-drop-trigger Add a DROP TRIGGER before each create.
--add-locks Add locks around INSERT statements.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-add-locks to disable.)
--allow-keywords Allow creation of column names that are keywords.
--apply-slave-statements
Adds 'STOP SLAVE' prior to 'CHANGE MASTER' and 'START
SLAVE' to bottom of dump.
--bind-address=name IP address to bind to.
--character-sets-dir=name
Directory for character set files.
-i, --comments Write additional information.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-comments to disable.)
--compatible=name Change the dump to be compatible with a given mode. By
default tables are dumped in a format optimized for
MySQL. Legal modes are: ansi, mysql323, mysql40,
postgresql, oracle, mssql, db2, maxdb, no_key_options,
no_table_options, no_field_options. One can use several
modes separated by commas. Note: Requires MySQL server
version 4.1.0 or higher. This option is ignored with
earlier server versions.
--compact Give less verbose output (useful for debugging). Disables
structure comments and header/footer constructs. Enables
options --skip-add-drop-table --skip-add-locks
--skip-comments --skip-disable-keys --skip-set-charset.
-c, --complete-insert
Use complete insert statements.
-C, --compress Use compression in server/client protocol.
-a, --create-options
Include all MySQL specific create options.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-create-options to disable.)
-B, --databases Dump several databases. Note the difference in usage; in
this case no tables are given. All name arguments are
regarded as database names. 'USE db_name;' will be
included in the output.
-#, --debug[=#] This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
--debug-check This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
--debug-info This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
--default-character-set=name
Set the default character set.
--delete-master-logs
Delete logs on master after backup. This automatically
enables --master-data.
-K, --disable-keys '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and
'/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be put
in the output.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-disable-keys to disable.)
--dump-slave[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename of the
master to be appended to the dumped data output. Setting
the value to 1, will printit as a CHANGE MASTER command
in the dumped data output; if equal to 2, that command
will be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will
turn --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is
specified too (in which case a global read lock is only
taken a short time at the beginning of the dump - don't
forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all
cases any action on logs will happen at the exact moment
of the dump.Option automatically turns --lock-tables off.
-E, --events Dump events.
-e, --extended-insert
Use multiple-row INSERT syntax that include several
VALUES lists.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-extended-insert to disable.)
--fields-terminated-by=name
Fields in the output file are terminated by the given
string.
--fields-enclosed-by=name
Fields in the output file are enclosed by the given
character.
--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=name
Fields in the output file are optionally enclosed by the
given character.
--fields-escaped-by=name
Fields in the output file are escaped by the given
character.
-F, --flush-logs Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note that
if you dump many databases at once (using the option
--databases= or --all-databases), the logs will be
flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when
using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: in this case
the logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to the
moment all tables are locked. So if you want your dump
and the log flush to happen at the same exact moment you
should use --lock-all-tables or --master-data with
--flush-logs.
--flush-privileges Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysql
database. This option should be used any time the dump
contains the mysql database and any other database that
depends on the data in the mysql database for proper
restore.
-f, --force Continue even if we get an SQL error.
-?, --help Display this help message and exit.
--hex-blob Dump binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) in
hexadecimal format.
-h, --host=name Connect to host.
--ignore-error=name A comma-separated list of error numbers to be ignored if
encountered during dump.
--ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify more than one
table to ignore, use the directive multiple times, once
for each table. Each table must be specified with both
database and table names, e.g.,
--ignore-table=database.table.
--include-master-host-port
Adds 'MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>' to 'CHANGE
MASTER TO..' in dump produced with --dump-slave.
--insert-ignore Insert rows with INSERT IGNORE.
--lines-terminated-by=name
Lines in the output file are terminated by the given
string.
-x, --lock-all-tables
Locks all tables across all databases. This is achieved
by taking a global read lock for the duration of the
whole dump. Automatically turns --single-transaction and
--lock-tables off.
-l, --lock-tables Lock all tables for read.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-lock-tables to disable.)
--log-error=name Append warnings and errors to given file.
--master-data[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename to be
appended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as a
CHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command will
be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn
--lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is
specified too (in which case a global read lock is only
taken a short time at the beginning of the dump; don't
forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all
cases, any action on logs will happen at the exact moment
of the dump. Option automatically turns --lock-tables
off.
--max-allowed-packet=#
The maximum packet length to send to or receive from
server.
--net-buffer-length=#
The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication.
--no-autocommit Wrap tables with autocommit/commit statements.
-n, --no-create-db Suppress the CREATE DATABASE ... IF EXISTS statement that
normally is output for each dumped database if
--all-databases or --databases is given.
-t, --no-create-info
Don't write table creation info.
-d, --no-data No row information.
-N, --no-set-names Same as --skip-set-charset.
--opt Same as --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options,
--quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset,
and --disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with
--skip-opt.
--order-by-primary Sorts each table's rows by primary key, or first unique
key, if such a key exists. Useful when dumping a MyISAM
table to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but will make
the dump itself take considerably longer.
-p, --password[=name]
Password to use when connecting to server. If password is
not given it's solicited on the tty.
-P, --port=# Port number to use for connection.
--protocol=name The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
memory).
-q, --quick Don't buffer query, dump directly to stdout.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-quick to disable.)
-Q, --quote-names Quote table and column names with backticks (`).
(Defaults to on; use --skip-quote-names to disable.)
--replace Use REPLACE INTO instead of INSERT INTO.
-r, --result-file=name
Direct output to a given file. This option should be used
in systems (e.g., DOS, Windows) that use carriage-return
linefeed pairs (\r\n) to separate text lines. This option
ensures that only a single newline is used.
-R, --routines Dump stored routines (functions and procedures).
--set-charset Add 'SET NAMES default_character_set' to the output.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-set-charset to disable.)
--set-gtid-purged[=name]
Add 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' to the output. Possible
values for this option are ON, OFF and AUTO. If ON is
used and GTIDs are not enabled on the server, an error is
generated. If OFF is used, this option does nothing. If
AUTO is used and GTIDs are enabled on the server, 'SET
@@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' is added to the output. If GTIDs
are disabled, AUTO does nothing. If no value is supplied
then the default (AUTO) value will be considered.
--single-transaction
Creates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in a
single transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored in
storage engines which support multiversioning (currently
only InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to be
consistent for other storage engines. While a
--single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure a
valid dump file (correct table contents and binary log
position), no other connection should use the following
statements: ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE,
TRUNCATE TABLE, as consistent snapshot is not isolated
from them. Option automatically turns off --lock-tables.
--dump-date Put a dump date to the end of the output.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-dump-date to disable.)
--skip-opt Disable --opt. Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks,
--create-options, --quick, --extended-insert,
--lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys.
-S, --socket=name The socket file to use for connection.
--secure-auth Refuse client connecting to server if it uses old
(pre-4.1.1) protocol. Deprecated. Always TRUE
--ssl-mode=name SSL connection mode.
--ssl Deprecated. Use --ssl-mode instead.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-ssl to disable.)
--ssl-verify-server-cert
Deprecated. Use --ssl-mode=VERIFY_IDENTITY instead.
--ssl-ca=name CA file in PEM format.
--ssl-capath=name CA directory.
--ssl-cert=name X509 cert in PEM format.
--ssl-cipher=name SSL cipher to use.
--ssl-key=name X509 key in PEM format.
--ssl-crl=name Certificate revocation list.
--ssl-crlpath=name Certificate revocation list path.
--tls-version=name TLS version to use, permitted values are: TLSv1, TLSv1.1
-T, --tab=name Create tab-separated textfile for each table to given
path. (Create .sql and .txt files.) NOTE: This only works
if mysqldump is run on the same machine as the mysqld
server.
--tables Overrides option --databases (-B).
--triggers Dump triggers for each dumped table.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-triggers to disable.)
--tz-utc SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' at top of dump to allow dumping of
TIMESTAMP data when a server has data in different time
zones or data is being moved between servers with
different time zones.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-tz-utc to disable.)
-u, --user=name User for login if not current user.
-v, --verbose Print info about the various stages.
-V, --version Output version information and exit.
-w, --where=name Dump only selected records. Quotes are mandatory.
-X, --xml Dump a database as well formed XML.
--plugin-dir=name Directory for client-side plugins.
--default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
--enable-cleartext-plugin
Enable/disable the clear text authentication plugin.
常用选项
连接选项(Connection Options)
--bind-address=ip_address
当MySQL服务器有多个网络接口,指定mysqldump
连接MySQL服务器使用的网络接口。--compress, -C
当服务端和客户端都支持压缩时,指定压缩传输的数据。--host=host_name, -h host_name
指定需要dump数据的MySQL服务器,默认是localhost。--port=port_num, -P port_num
指定连接MySQL服务器的端口。--user=user_name, -u user_name
指定连接MySQL服务器的用户名。- --password[=password], -p[password]
指定连接MySQL服务器的用户密码。- 如果命令行使用 -p 选项指定密码,则选项与密码串之间不允许有空格,不过命令行中密码串明文是不安全的;
- 如果命令行选项后面没有指定密码串,则
mysqldump
在连接前会进行提示输入。
--pipe, -W
在Windows环境下,指定命名管道连接MySQL服务器。此选项仅当服务器支持命名管道连接才生效。--socket=path, -S path
在Unix系统下指定本地连接使用socket文件,类似于Windows环境下的命名管道。
参数文件选项(Option-File Options)
--defaults-file=file_name
指定读取的参数文件。如果这个文件不存存或是无法访问则会报错。--no-defaults
不读取任何的参数文件。--print-defaults
显示mysqldump
读取的参数文件。
DDL选项(DDL Options)
--add-drop-database
在每行CREATE DATABASE
语句前添加DROP DATABASE
语句。这个选项通常与 --all-databases或 --databases选项一起使用,因为如果没有指定这两个选项之一也不会有CREATE DATABASE
语句。--add-drop-table
在dump输出中每行CREATE TABLE
语句前添加DROP TABLE
语句。--add-drop-trigger
在dump输出中每行CREATE TRIGGER
语句前添加DROP TRIGGER
语句。--no-create-db, -n
在dump输出中禁止生成CREATE DATABASE
语句,即使指定了 --all-databases或 --databases选项。--no-create-info, -t
每张表dump的时候都不生成CREATE TABLE
语句。--no-tablespaces, -y
在dump输出中都禁止生成CREATE LOGFILE GROUP
和CREATE TABLESPACE
语句。--replace
在dump输出中使用REPLACE
语句代替INSERT
语句。
调试选项(Debug Options)
--comments, -i
在dump输出中增加额外的信息,如mysqldump版本,MySQL版本,MySQL主机名等。默认是开启状态,如果要禁止,则可以指定选项 --skip-comments。--debug-info
在mysqldump
退出时打印调试信息以及CPU和内存的使用统计信息。--dump-date
当启用选项 --comments时,在dump输出中的末尾添加结束时间。可以使用选项 --skip-dump-date禁止添加。--force, -f
忽略dump表过程当中的SQL错误。这个选项适用于当指定dump视图,视图所对应的表被清除而变成invaild状态时,mysqldump
会记录视图定义以及错误信息并继续执行dump操作。如果未指定该选项,则mysqldump
报错并退出。--log-error=file_name
指定警告和错误信息记录的文件,默认不记录。--verbose, -v
详细模式,打印mysqldump
执行更详细的信息。
国际化选项(Internationalization Options)
--character-sets-dir=dir_name
指定字符集安装所在的目录。--default-character-set=charset_name
指定默认的字符集,如果没指定,默认为utf8。--set-charset
添加SET NAMES default_character_set
语句到dump文件输出中。默认是开启的,可以使用选项 --skip-set-charset禁止。--no-set-names, -N
关闭选项 --set-charset。
复制选项(Replication Options)
--apply-slave-statements
指定选项 --dump-slave的从库dump过程中,在CHANGE MASTER TO
语句之前添加STOP SLAVE
语句,在dump结束之后再添加START SLAVE
语句。--delete-master-logs
在主服务器上,在完成dump之后发送语句PURGE BINARY LOGS
到主服务器执行。此选项会自动开启 --master-data。--dump-slave[=value]
这个选项类似于 --master-data,只不过作用于mysqldump
在从库生成的dump文件,即mysqldump
在从库进行备份。这个选项的作用是为了产生一个与备份从库相同主库的从库,记录新的从库需要从主库开启复制读取的binlog文件和binlog位置,生成新的CHANGE MASTER TO
语句,binlog文件和binlog位置分别读取来自于SHOW SLAVE STATUS
状态语句当中的Relay_Master_Log_File
和Exec_Master_Log_Pos
值。该选项的取值与 --master-data一致。
该选项会使mysqldump
在开始dump之前停止SQL thread,而在dump结束之后再重新开启。--include-master-host-port
指定选项 --dump-slave的从库dump过程中,生成CHANGE MASTER TO
语句添加MASTER_HOST
和MASTER_PORT
信息以便可以通过新dump文件创建新的从库开启主从复制。- --master-data[=value]
在主服务器完成mysqldump
指定该选项导出备份文件可以用来搭建从库。在dump文件中包含了CHANGE MASTER TO
语句,该语句表示新搭建的从库需要从主库哪个binlog文件和位置开始进行同步。
该选项需要RELOAD
权限和MySQL中开启binlog,会关闭选项 --lock-tables并开启选项 --lock-all-tables,除非指定了选项 --single-transaction。
value取值如下:- 2:则
CHANGE MASTER TO
语句是以注释的形式存在dump文件中,在dump文件导入的过程当中并不会生效; - 1:则
CHANGE MASTER TO
语句是以非注释的形式存在dump文件中,在dump文件导入的过程中会生效; - 未指定:则默认值为1。
- 2:则
- --set-gtid-purged=value
指定是否在dump文件中写入SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged
语句,同时会导致dump文件在被重载的时候不会记录binlog。
value取值如下:- OFF:不添加
SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged
语句,同时不添加SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN=0
语句; - ON:添加
SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged
语句,如果没开启GTID则报错,同时添加SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN=0
语句; - AUTO:如果开启GITD则添加
SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged
语句,同时添加SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN=0
语句,默认选项。
- OFF:不添加
格式化选项(Format Options)
--compact
更加紧凑的输出dump文件。该选项同时会开启 --skip-add-drop-table,--skip-add-locks,--skip-comments,--skip-disable-keys和 --skip-set-charset选项。--complete-insert, -c
指定dump文件中的INSERT语句为包含所有字段名称的完整语句。--create-options
指定dump文件中CREATE TABLE
语句包含所有MySQL表选项。--hex-blob
转储二进制列为十六进制格式。涉及的类型有BINARY
、VARBINARY
、BLOB
和BIT
。--quote-names, -Q
指定dump文件中数据库、表和字段的引用标识符为反引号 `,默认开启,通过选项 --skip-quote-names来禁用。如果SQL_MODE当中有ANSI_QUOTES,则标识符为双引号 "。--result-file=file_name, -r file_name
指定dump输出到给定文件。--tz-utc
指定dump文件中表TIMESTAMP
字段导出格式以适应不同时区服务器导入时值的准确性。默认是开启,使用选项 --skip-tz-utc禁用。
过滤选项(Filtering Options)
--all-databases, -A
指定dump出所有库当中的所有表。--databases, -B
指定dump一个或多个数据库。该选项会在dump每个数据库之前添加CREATE DATABASE
和USE
语句,如果没有指定该选项,则mysqldump
将第一个参数当成是数据库,第二个参数当成是表。通常用来备份INFORMATION_SCHEMA和performance_schema库,默认情况下是不导出这两个库的。--no-data, -d
指定只dump表结构,而不dump表数据。--tables
指定dump一张或多张表。会覆盖选项 --databases, -B,把该选项之后所有参数当成是表。--ignore-table=db_name.tbl_name
指定忽略dump某张表。格式必须是db.table
,如果有多张表需要多次指定该选项,也适用于视图。--where='where_condition', -w 'where_condition'
指定where条件dump数据。--events, -E
指定dump数据库中的计划事件。需要对库有EVENT
权限。--routines, -R
指定dump数据库中的函数和存储过程。--triggers
指定dump表中的触发器。需要对表有TRIGGER
权限。
性能选项(Performance Options)
--disable-keys, -K
指定dump文件里INSERT
表时添加/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tbl_name DISABLE KEYS */
语句,完成后再添加/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tbl_name ENABLE KEYS */
语句,这样可以加快表数据导入速度,但只对有非唯一索引的MyISAM表有效果。--extended-insert, -e
指定dump文件当中的INSERT
语句为多行格式,降低dump文件大小。--insert-ignore
使用INSERT IGNORE
代替INSERT
语句。--opt
默认开启,包含了一系列选项的集合,主要有 --add-drop-table --add-locks --create-options --disable-keys --extended-insert --lock-tables --quick --set-charset,如果要禁用,可以使用选项 --skip-opt。--quick, -q
对于大表的dump很有帮助。默认开启。该选项使mysqldump
直接从表中获取数据输出而不经过MySQL的缓存。
事务选项(Transactional Options)
--add-locks
指定dump文件中每张表INSERT语句之前添加LOCK TABLES
语句,INSERT语句之后添加UNLOCK TABLES
语句。这样可以提高导入效率。--flush-logs, -F
在dump开始之前切换日志。该选项需要RELOAD
权限。如果与选项 --all-databases联合使用的话会导致每dump一个库之前都要进行日志切换。如果有使用选项 --lock-all-tables、--master-data或者 --single-transaction,则在dump过程当中只进行一次日志切换。如果希望dump与日志的切换同时发生,则使用 --flush-logs与选项 --lock-all-tables、--master-data或者 --single-transaction一同使用。--flush-privileges
在dump完mysql数据库之后添加FLUSH PRIVILEGES
语句。--lock-all-tables, -x
在dump过程中锁住所有数据库中所有表。该选项会自动关闭 --single-transaction和 --lock-tables选项。--lock-tables, -l
在dump每个库时锁定库中的表。这个选项只能保证库中表的状态一致,因为针对每个库进行加锁,所以无法保证所有库都是一致状态。--no-autocommit
指定dump文件中每条INSERT
语句包含在SET autocommit = 0
和COMMIT
语句之间。--order-by-primary
在dump每张表的时候以表的主键或第一个唯一索引为序。对于导出是MyISAM表而导入是InnoDB表很有用。--single-transaction
在dump开始之前将会话事务隔离级别设置成REPEATABLE READ
并执行语句START TRANSACTION
,只适用于事务引擎的表如InnoDB。当指定该选项进行dump的过程中,应该避免其它会话连接执行如下语句:ALTER TABLE,CREATE TABLE,DROP TABLE,RENAME TABLE,TRUNCATE TABLE
,因为一致性读并不能隔离以上语句,所以当mysqldump
执行SELECT
语句进行dump表数据时,其它会话执行以上语句容易产生数据不一致或者报错。
该选项与 --lock-tables是互斥的,因为LOCK TABLES
语句会导致在执行的事务隐式提交。
用法示例
- 备份所有库
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 -A > test_all.sql
- 备份一个或多个库
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 -B test1 test2 > test1_test2.sql
- 备份一张表或多张表
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 test1 t1 > test1_t1.sql
或
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 test1 --tables t1 > test1_t1.sql
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 test1 t1 t2 > test1_t1_t2.sql
或
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 test1 --tables t1 t2 > test1_t1_t2.sql
- 备份库结构(同时会包含表结构)
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 --no-data -B test1 test2 > test1_test2.sql
- 只备份表结构
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 --no-data test1 --tables t1 t2 > test1_t1_t2.sql
- 只备份表数据(不包含建表语句)
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 --no-create-info test1 --tables t1 t2 > test1_t1_t2.sql
- 忽略一张或多张表备份
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 test1 --ignore-table=test1.t1 --ignore-table=test1.t2 > test1_ig_t1_t2.sql
- 输出文件通过管道传到gzip命令进行压缩
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 -A | gzip > test_all.sql.gz
- 指定where条件备份表数据
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 test1 --tables t1 --where='c1>1000000' > test1_t1_w.sql
不包含建表语句
# mysqldump -uadmin -p -h192.168.58.3 -P3306 -E -R --triggers --single-transaction --master-data=2 --no-create-info test1 --tables t1 --where='c1>1000000' > test1_t1_w.sql
注意事项
- 默认情况下,mysqldump是不会导出INFORMATION_SCHEMA、performance_schema和sys的,如果需要导出,则在命令行中显示指定选项 --databases, -B;
- mysqldump不会导出InnoDB创建表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE
语句; - 不建议使用当前版本的mysqldump导出文件导入MySQL5.6.9(或更早)开启GTID的版本;
- 如果general_log和slow_query_log都是指定存存储在表中,mysqldump导出文件包含general_log和slow_query_log表的创建语句,但并不包含表数据。
参考
- https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqldump.html
- https://www.xp8.net/data/788.html
- http://www.ywnds.com/?p=3867
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