ubuntu16.04使用nginx、uwsgi部署django应用

安装相关软件

更新源

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

安装虚拟环境

sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv

安装nginx

sudo apt-get install nginx

安装uwsgi

sudo pip3 install uwsgi

或者

sudo pip3 install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz

安装uwsgi出错就安装

sudo apt-get install python-dev
sudo apt-get install python3.5-dev

本文用到的软件环境

ubuntu 16.04
Python 3.5.2
Django 1.11.4
nginx 1.10.3
uwsgi 2.0.15

创建一个普通用户

创建用户组webapps

sudo groupadd –system webapps

创建用户user_test并设置密码

sudo useradd –system –gid webapps –shell /bin/bash –home /webapps/test user_test

passwd user_test

创建用户目录并修改目录权限

mkdir -p /webapps/test

chown user_test /webapps/test/

添加用户user_test sudo权限
在/etc/sudoers添加

user_test ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

创建测试应用

切换用户为user_test

su - user_test

cd /webapps/test

创建python虚拟环境，这里指定为3.5版本，并激活

virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3.5 .

source bin/activate

安装django

pip install django

创建django工程mysite

django-admin startproject mysite

创建应用app

cd mysite

django-admin startapp app

修改mysite/settings.py
将外网ip添加到ALLOWED_HOSTS

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx', '127.0.0.1']

在INSTALLED_APPS里追加 ‘app’

新建app/static目录
在mysite/settings.py里添加

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'app', 'static')

收集静态文件到app/static目录

python manage.py collectstatic

迁移数据库

python manage.py migrate

创建后台管理用户

python manage.py createsuper

添加视图函数
在app/views.py添加

from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
    return HttpResponse('<h1>Hello World!</h1>')

在mysite/urls.py添加

from app import views
urlpatterns = [
    ...
    url(r'^$', views.index),
]

测试django应用运行是否正常

python manage.py runserver

使用curl命令访问

curl 127.0.0.1:8000

正常会输出<h1>Hello World!</h1>
Ctrl C 退出

当前所涉及的一些目录
用户目录：/webapps/test
虚拟环境目录: /webapps/test
工程目录：/webapps/test/mysite

配置ngnix

从https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params下载到/etc/nginx/conf/目录
新建mysite/test_ngnix.conf文件，内容如下

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream testapp {
    server unix:///webapps/test/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    #server 127.0.0.1:9090; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}

# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      80;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name localhost; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste
    access_log      /webapps/test/mysite/nginx_access.log;
    error_log       /webapps/test/mysite/nginx_error.log;

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /webapps/test/mysite/app/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /webapps/test/mysite/app/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  testapp;
        include     /etc/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

将test_ngnix.conf链接到/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/目录

sudo ln -s /webapps/test/mysite/test_ngnix.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

记得删除自带的default文件，否则输入外网ip看到的是ngnix欢迎页

sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

这里用到的是unix file socket
所以把用户www-data加到webapps用户组，否则读取socket文件时会有权限问题

sudo usermod -a -G webapps www-data

重启ngnix

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

配置uwsgi

新建wsgi.ini, 内容如下

[uwsgi]
#socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
chdir=/webapps/test/mysite
module=mysite.wsgi
master = true
processes=2
threads=2
max-requests=2000
chmod-socket=664
vacuum=true
daemonize = /webapps/test/mysite/uwsgi.log
virtualenv = /webapps/test
gid=webapps
uid=user_test
socket = /webapps/test/mysite/mysite.sock

运行uwsgi

uwsgi –ini wsgi.ini

用浏览器访问外网ip，正常会显示Hello World

使用uwsgi Emperor mode

# create a directory for the vassals
sudo mkdir /etc/uwsgi
sudo mkdir /etc/uwsgi/vassals
# symlink from the default config directory to your config file
sudo ln -s /webapps/test/mysite/wsgi.ini /etc/uwsgi/vassals/
# run the emperor
sudo uwsgi --emperor /etc/uwsgi/vassals --uid user_test --gid webapps

参考文档

http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/Django_and_nginx.html
http://blog.csdn.net/woniu02141/article/details/49836443
http://blog.csdn.net/c465869935/article/details/53242126
http://www.jianshu.com/p/e6ff4a28ab5a