Comparator 接口中方法里面的 (Comparator & Serializable) 是什么意思？

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比如 Comparator 接口中 thenComparing() 方法：

/**
     * Returns a lexicographic-order comparator with another comparator.
     * If this {@code Comparator} considers two elements equal, i.e.
     * {@code compare(a, b) == 0}, {@code other} is used to determine the order.
     *
     * <p>The returned comparator is serializable if the specified comparator
     * is also serializable.
     *
     * @apiNote
     * For example, to sort a collection of {@code String} based on the length
     * and then case-insensitive natural ordering, the comparator can be
     * composed using following code,
     *
     * <pre>{@code
     *     Comparator<String> cmp = Comparator.comparingInt(String::length)
     *             .thenComparing(String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
     * }</pre>
     *
     * @param  other the other comparator to be used when this comparator
     *         compares two objects that are equal.
     * @return a lexicographic-order comparator composed of this and then the
     *         other comparator
     * @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null.
     * @since 1.8
     */
    default Comparator<T> thenComparing(Comparator<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (Comparator<T> & Serializable) (c1, c2) -> {
            int res = compare(c1, c2);
            return (res != 0) ? res : other.compare(c1, c2);
        };
    }

(Comparator & Serializable)，& 是 Java8 的新语法，表示同时满足两个约束（约束这个词不知道用的恰不恰当）。相当于：

default Comparator<T> thenComparing(Comparator<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (Comparator<T>)(Serializable) (c1, c2) -> {
            int res = compare(c1, c2);
            return (res != 0) ? res : other.compare(c1, c2);
        };
 }

这意味着结果值将被转换为 Comparator 和 Serializable（即可序列化的比较器）。
请注意，在进行该类转换时，您只能指定一个类（以及无限量的接口），因为 Java 不支持类继承多个类。