实现字符串对像
Simple Dynamic String
目录
因为 char* 类型的功能单一， 抽象层次低， 并且不能高效地支持一些 Redis 常用的操作（比如追加操作和长度计算操作）， 所以在 Redis 程序内部， 绝大部分情况下都会使用 SDS 而不是 char* 来表示字符串。
在源代码sds.h中定义了sds以及sdshdr结构体。
set string
代码块
127.0.0.1:6379> set java slow
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get java
"slow"
127.0.0.1:6379>
中的过程
sds 内部结构
代码块
typedef char *sds;
/* Note: sdshdr5 is never used, we just access the flags byte directly.
* However is here to document the layout of type 5 SDS strings. */
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr5 {
unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, and 5 msb of string length */
char buf[];
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr8 {
uint8_t len; /* used */
uint8_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
char buf[];
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr16 {
uint16_t len; /* used */
uint16_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
char buf[];
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr32 {
uint32_t len; /* used */
uint32_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
char buf[];
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr64 {
uint64_t len; /* used */
uint64_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
char buf[];
};
2 通过创建函数可以看到，函数返回值是sds，在函数中返回的是sdshdr结构体中数据指向部分。
代码块
*
* mystring = sdsnewlen("abc",3);
*
* You can print the string with printf() as there is an implicit \0 at the
* end of the string. However the string is binary safe and can contain
* \0 characters in the middle, as the length is stored in the sds header. */
sds sdsnewlen(const void *init, size_t initlen) {
void *sh;
sds s;
char type = sdsReqType(initlen);
/* Empty strings are usually created in order to append. Use type 8
* since type 5 is not good at this. */
if (type == SDS_TYPE_5 && initlen == 0) type = SDS_TYPE_8;
int hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type);
unsigned char *fp; /* flags pointer. */
sh = s_malloc(hdrlen+initlen+1);
if (init==SDS_NOINIT)
init = NULL;
else if (!init)
memset(sh, 0, hdrlen+initlen+1);
if (sh == NULL) return NULL;
s = (char*)sh+hdrlen;
fp = ((unsigned char*)s)-1;
switch(type) {
case SDS_TYPE_5: {
*fp = type | (initlen << SDS_TYPE_BITS);
break;
}
case SDS_TYPE_8: {
SDS_HDR_VAR(8,s);
sh->len = initlen;
sh->alloc = initlen;
*fp = type;
break;
}
case SDS_TYPE_16: {
SDS_HDR_VAR(16,s);
sh->len = initlen;
sh->alloc = initlen;
*fp = type;
break;
}
case SDS_TYPE_32: {
SDS_HDR_VAR(32,s);
sh->len = initlen;
sh->alloc = initlen;
*fp = type;
break;
}
case SDS_TYPE_64: {
SDS_HDR_VAR(64,s);
sh->len = initlen;
sh->alloc = initlen;
*fp = type;
break;
}
}
if (initlen && init)
memcpy(s, init, initlen);
s[initlen] = '\0';
return s;
}
APPED 过程
代码块
127.0.0.1:6379> append java more
(integer) 8
127.0.0.1:6379> get java
"slowmore"
当调用 SET 命令创建 sdshdr 时， sdshdr 的 free 属性为 0 ， Redis 也没有为 buf 创建额外的空间，
而在执行 APPEND 之后， Redis 为 buf 创建了多于所需空间一倍的大小。
代码块
/* Enlarge the free space at the end of the sds string so that the caller
* is sure that after calling this function can overwrite up to addlen
* bytes after the end of the string, plus one more byte for nul term.
*
* Note: this does not change the *length* of the sds string as returned
* by sdslen(), but only the free buffer space we have. */
sds sdsMakeRoomFor(sds s, size_t addlen) {
void *sh, *newsh;
size_t avail = sdsavail(s);
size_t len, newlen;
char type, oldtype = s[-1] & SDS_TYPE_MASK;
int hdrlen;
/* Return ASAP if there is enough space left. */
if (avail >= addlen) return s;
len = sdslen(s);
sh = (char*)s-sdsHdrSize(oldtype);
newlen = (len+addlen);
if (newlen < SDS_MAX_PREALLOC)
newlen *= 2;
else
newlen += SDS_MAX_PREALLOC;
type = sdsReqType(newlen);
/* Don't use type 5: the user is appending to the string and type 5 is
* not able to remember empty space, so sdsMakeRoomFor() must be called
* at every appending operation. */
if (type == SDS_TYPE_5) type = SDS_TYPE_8;
hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type);
if (oldtype==type) {
newsh = s_realloc(sh, hdrlen+newlen+1);
if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;
} else {
/* Since the header size changes, need to move the string forward,
* and can't use realloc */
newsh = s_malloc(hdrlen+newlen+1);
if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
memcpy((char*)newsh+hdrlen, s, len+1);
s_free(sh);
s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;
s[-1] = type;
sdssetlen(s, len);
}
sdssetalloc(s, newlen);
return s;
}
-
Redis 的字符串表示为 sds ，而不是 C 字符串（以 \0 结尾的 char*）。
-
对比 C 字符串， sds 有以下特性：
-
可以高效地执行长度计算（strlen）；
-
可以高效地执行追加操作（append）；
-
二进制安全；
-
-
sds 会为追加操作进行优化：加快追加操作的速度，并降低内存分配的次数，代价是多占用了一些内存，而且这些内存不会被主动释放。
仅