Oracle树结构表设计及复杂常见开发查询

创建树结构表

--部门目录结构表

CREATE TABLE BAI_ORG (

BAI_ORG_ID NUMBER PRIMARY KEY , --部门ID

BAI_ORG_NAME VARCHAR2(225), --部门名字

BAI_ORG_P_ID NUMBER , --部门父级级部门ID

BAI_ORG_LEAD VARCHAR2(225), --部门领导

BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID NUMBER --部门顶级父部门ID

);

--顶级根部门

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(1 , '顶级根部门1', Null, Null , Null);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(2 , '顶级根部门2', Null, Null , Null);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(3 , '顶级根部门3', Null, Null , Null);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(4 , '顶级根部门4', Null, Null , Null);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(5 , '顶级根部门5', Null, Null , Null);

--一级部门

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(6 , '一级部门6', 1, '张三', 1);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(7 , '一级部门7', 1, '李四', 1);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(8 , '一级部门8', 1, '王五', 1);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(9 , '一级部门9', 2, '刘六', 2);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(10, '一级部门10', 2 , '田七', 2);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(11, '一级部门11', 2 , '陈八', 2);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(12, '一级部门12', 3 , '陈八', 3);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(13, '一级部门13', 3 , '田七', 3);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(14, '一级部门14', 3 , '刘六', 3);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(15, '一级部门15', 4 , '王五', 4);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(16, '一级部门16', 4, '李四', 4);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(17, '一级部门17', 4 , '张三', 4);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(18, '一级部门18', 5 , '陈八', 5);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(19, '一级部门19', 5 , '刘六', 5);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(20, '一级部门20', 5 , '田七', 5);

--二级菜单

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(21, '二级菜单21', 6 , '张三', 1);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(22, '二级菜单22', 7 , '李四', 1);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(23, '二级菜单23', 8 , '王五', 1);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(24, '二级菜单24', 9 , '张三', 2);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(25, '二级菜单25', 10, '田七', 2);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(26, '二级菜单26', 11, '刘六', 2);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(27, '二级菜单27', 12, '王八', 3);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(28, '二级菜单28', 13, '陈八', 3);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(29, '二级菜单29', 14, '田七', 3);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(30, '二级菜单30', 15, '张三', 4);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(31, '二级菜单31', 16, '李四', 4);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(32, '二级菜单32', 17, '李四', 4);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(33, '二级菜单33', 18, '王五', 5);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(34, '二级菜单34', 19, '王五', 5);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(35, '二级菜单35', 20, '田七', 5);

--三级菜单

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(36, '二级菜单36', 21, '张三', 1);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(37, '二级菜单37', 22, '张三', 1);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(38, '三级菜单38', 23, '陈八', 1);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(39, '三级菜单39', 24, '刘六', 2);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(40, '三级菜单40', 25, '陈八', 2);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(41, '三级菜单41', 26, '刘六', 2);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(42, '三级菜单42', 27, '李四', 3);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(43, '三级菜单43', 28, '张三', 3);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(44, '三级菜单44', 29, '李四', 3);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(45, '三级菜单45', 30, '王五', 4);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(46, '三级菜单46', 31, '张三', 4);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(47, '三级菜单47', 32, '王五', 4);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(48, '三级菜单48', 33, '张三', 5);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(49, '三级菜单49', 34, '王五', 5);

Insert Into BAI_ORG(BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_LEAD,

BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID) Values(50, '三级菜单50', 35, '陈八', 5);

说明：

ORACLE 树查询的主要语法：

SELECT ... START WITH ... CONNECT BY ... PRIOR

2.部门结构树操作

2.1 查找树中的所有顶级父节点。

SELECT *

FROM BAI_ORG

WHERE BAI_ORG_P_ID IS NULL

OR BAI_ORG_P_ID = 0;

2.2 查找一个节点的直属子节点（所有儿子）

SELECT BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID

FROM BAI_ORG

WHERE BAI_ORG_P_ID = 1

2.3 查找一个节点的所有直属子节点（所有后代）

SELECT BAI_ORG_ID, BAI_ORG_NAME, BAI_ORG_P_ID, BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID

FROM BAI_ORG

START WITH BAI_ORG_ID = 1

CONNECT BY BAI_ORG_P_ID = PRIOR BAI_ORG_ID;

2.4 查找一个节点的直属父节点（父亲）。

SELECT B.BAI_ORG_ID,

B.BAI_ORG_NAME,

B.BAI_ORG_P_ID,

B.BAI_ORG_LEAD,

B.BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID

FROM BAI_ORG A

JOIN BAI_ORG B

ON A.BAI_ORG_P_ID = B.BAI_ORG_ID

WHERE A.BAI_ORG_ID = 18

OR B.BAI_ORG_ID = 18

ORDER BY B.BAI_ORG_ID;

2.5 查找一个节点的所有直属父节点（祖宗）

SELECT M.BAI_ORG_ID,

M.BAI_ORG_NAME,

M.BAI_ORG_P_ID,

M.BAI_ORG_LEAD,

M.BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID

FROM BAI_ORG M

START WITH M.BAI_ORG_ID = 38

CONNECT BY PRIOR M.BAI_ORG_P_ID = M.BAI_ORG_ID

ORDER BY M.BAI_ORG_ID;

注意：

上面列出两个树型查询方式，第2.3条语句和第2.5条语句，这两条语句之间的区别在于PRIOR关键字的位置不同，所以决定了查询的方式不同。当BAI_ORG_P_ID = PRIOR BAI_ORG_ID时，数据库会根据当前的BAI_ORG_ID迭代出BAI_ORG_P_ID与该BAI_ORG_ID相同的记录，所以查询的结果是迭代出了所有的子类记录；而PRIOR BAI_ORG_ID = BAI_ORG_P_ID时，数据库会跟据当前的BAI_ORG_P_ID来迭代出与当前的BAI_ORG_P_ID相同的BAI_ORG_ID的记录，所以查询出来的结果就是所有的父类结果。

补充说明：

对于数据库来说，根节点并不一定是在数据库中设计的顶级节点，对于数据库来说，根节点就是START WITH开始的地方。

2.6 查询一个节点的兄弟节点（亲兄弟）。

SELECT A.BAI_ORG_ID,

A.BAI_ORG_NAME,

A.BAI_ORG_P_ID,

A.BAI_ORG_LEAD,

A.BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID

FROM BAI_ORG A

WHERE EXISTS (SELECT *

FROM BAI_ORG B

WHERE A.BAI_ORG_P_ID = B.BAI_ORG_P_ID

AND B.BAI_ORG_ID = 37);

2.7 查询与一个节点同级的节点（族兄弟）。

WITH TMP AS

(SELECT A.BAI_ORG_ID,

A.BAI_ORG_NAME,

A.BAI_ORG_P_ID,

A.BAI_ORG_LEAD,

A.BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID,

LEVEL LEV

FROM BAI_ORG A

START WITH A.BAI_ORG_P_ID IS NULL

CONNECT BY A.BAI_ORG_P_ID = PRIOR A.BAI_ORG_ID)

SELECT * FROM TMP WHERE LEV = (SELECT LEV FROM TMP WHERE BAI_ORG_ID = 50);

说明：

这里使用两个技巧，一个是使用了LEVEL来标识每个节点在表中的级别，还有就是使用with语法模拟出了一张带有级别的临时表。

2.8 查询一个节点的父节点的的兄弟节点（伯父与叔父）。

WITH TMP AS

(SELECT B.BAI_ORG_ID,

B.BAI_ORG_NAME,

B.BAI_ORG_P_ID,

B.BAI_ORG_LEAD,

B.BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID,

LEVEL LEV

FROM BAI_ORG B

START WITH BAI_ORG_P_ID IS NULL

CONNECT BY BAI_ORG_P_ID = PRIOR BAI_ORG_ID

ORDER BY BAI_ORG_ID)

SELECT B.*

FROM TMP B,

(SELECT *

FROM TMP

WHERE BAI_ORG_ID = 21

AND LEV = 2) A

WHERE B.LEV = 1

UNION ALL

SELECT *

FROM TMP

WHERE BAI_ORG_P_ID =

(SELECT DISTINCT GP.BAI_ORG_ID

FROM TMP GP, --祖父(Grandparent)

TMP P, --父亲(Parent)

(SELECT *

FROM TMP

WHERE BAI_ORG_ID = 21

AND LEV > 2) S --儿子(Son)

WHERE P.BAI_ORG_ID = S.BAI_ORG_P_ID

AND GP.BAI_ORG_ID = P.BAI_ORG_P_ID);

2.8.1这里查询分成以下几步。

首先，和第2.7的一样，将全表都使用临时表加上级别；其次，根据级别来判断有几种类型，以上文中举的例子来说，有三种情况：

当前节点为顶级节点，即查询出来的lev值为1，那么它没有上级节点，不予考虑。
当前节点为2级节点，查询出来的lev值为2，那么就只要保证lev级别为1的就是其上级节点的兄弟节点。
其它情况就是3以及以上级别，那么就要选查询出来其上级的上级节点（祖父），再来判断祖父的下级节点都是属于该节点的上级节点的兄弟节点。最后，就是使用union将查询出来的结果进行结合起来，形成结果集。

2.9 查询一个节点的父节点的同级节点（族叔）。

WITH TMP AS

(SELECT B.BAI_ORG_ID,

B.BAI_ORG_NAME,

B.BAI_ORG_P_ID,

B.BAI_ORG_LEAD,

B.BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID,

LEVEL LEV

FROM BAI_ORG B

START WITH B.BAI_ORG_P_ID IS NULL

CONNECT BY B.BAI_ORG_P_ID = PRIOR B.BAI_ORG_ID)

SELECT *

FROM TMP

WHERE LEV = (SELECT LEV FROM TMP WHERE BAI_ORG_ID = 6) - 1;

2.10 名称要列出名称全部路径。

--从顶部开始：

SELECT SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH (BAI_ORG_NAME, '/')

FROM BAI_ORG

WHERE BAI_ORG_ID = 50

START WITH BAI_ORG_P_ID IS NULL

CONNECT BY BAI_ORG_P_ID = PRIOR BAI_ORG_ID;

--从当前节点开始：

SELECT SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH (BAI_ORG_NAME, '/')

FROM BAI_ORG

START WITH BAI_ORG_ID = 50

CONNECT BY PRIOR BAI_ORG_P_ID = BAI_ORG_ID;

在上面的例子中，第一个SQL是从根节点开始遍历，而第二个SQL是直接找到当前节点，从效率上来说已经是千差万别，更关键的是第一个SQL只能选择一个节点，而第二个SQL却是遍历出了一颗树来。
SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH函数就是从START WITH开始的地方开始遍历，并记下其遍历到的节点，START WITH开始的地方被视为根节点，将遍历到的路径根据函数中的分隔符，组成一个新的字符串。

2.11 列出当前节点的根节点。

说明：根节点就是START WITH开始的地方，CONNECT_BY_ROOT函数用来列的前面，记录的是当前节点的根节点的内容

SELECT CONNECT_BY_ROOT BAI_ORG_NAME,

BAI_ORG_ID,

BAI_ORG_NAME,

BAI_ORG_P_ID,

BAI_ORG_LEAD,

BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID

FROM BAI_ORG

START WITH BAI_ORG_ID = 50

CONNECT BY PRIOR BAI_ORG_P_ID = BAI_ORG_ID;

2.12 列出当前节点是否为叶子。

SELECT CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF,

BAI_ORG_ID,

BAI_ORG_NAME,

BAI_ORG_P_ID,

BAI_ORG_LEAD,

BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID

FROM BAI_ORG

START WITH BAI_ORG_P_ID IS NULL

CONNECT BY BAI_ORG_P_ID = PRIOR BAI_ORG_ID;

CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF函数用来判断当前节点是否包含下级节点，如果包含的话，说明不是叶子节点，这里返回0；反之，如果不包含下级节点，这里返回1。

2.13 假设存在公司级管理员和非公司级管理员的角色，那么进行以下查询（备注：非公司级管理员，以当前管理员过滤查询，公司级管理员不过滤查询，BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID记录树结构的数据的顶级节点ID）

2.13.1“张三”非公司级管理员进行查询顶级部门（BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID=4）下他的管理部门

SELECT BAI_ORG_ID,

BAI_ORG_NAME,

BAI_ORG_P_ID,

BAI_ORG_LEAD,

BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID

FROM BAI_ORG

WHERE BAI_ORG_ID IN

(SELECT BAI_ORG_ID

FROM (SELECT B.BAI_ORG_ID, B.BAI_ORG_P_ID

FROM BAI_ORG B

WHERE B.BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID = 4) A

START WITH A.BAI_ORG_ID IN

(SELECT BAI_ORG_ID

FROM BAI_ORG

WHERE BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID = 4

AND BAI_ORG_LEAD = '张三')

CONNECT BY PRIOR A.BAI_ORG_P_ID = A.BAI_ORG_ID)

ORDER BY BAI_ORG_ID

2.13.2 “张三”为公司级管理员进行查询顶级部门（BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID=4）下的管理部门

SELECT BAI_ORG_ID,

BAI_ORG_NAME,

BAI_ORG_P_ID,

BAI_ORG_LEAD,

BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID

FROM BAI_ORG

WHERE BAI_ORG_ID IN

(SELECT BAI_ORG_ID

FROM (SELECT B.BAI_ORG_ID, B.BAI_ORG_P_ID

FROM BAI_ORG B

WHERE B.BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID = 4) A

START WITH A.BAI_ORG_ID IN (SELECT BAI_ORG_ID

FROM BAI_ORG

WHERE BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID = 4

--AND BAI_ORG_LEAD = '张三'

)

CONNECT BY PRIOR A.BAI_ORG_P_ID = A.BAI_ORG_ID)

ORDER BY BAI_ORG_ID

注意：

以上查询是我公司存在的查询，BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID是表结构设计的一个技巧，及优化数据，又方便了查询；BAI_ORG_ROOT_ID 是记录树结构表的顶级节点唯一识别ID

Oracle树结构表设计及复杂常见开发查询

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