一,基础类型汇总
1,Str
S.isspace() -> bool
Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
s1 = ' '
s2 = ''
s3 = 'python'
print(s1.isspace())
print(s2.isspace())
print(s3.isspace())
输出结果:
True
False
False
2,List
问题:把列表中索引奇数位置删除(22,44)
lis = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55]
#第一种
lis = lis[::2]
print(lis)
#第二种
l1 = []
for i in lis:
if lis.index(i) % 2 == 0:
l1.append(i)
lis = l1
print(lis)
#第三种
for i in range(len(lis)-1, -1, -1):
if i % 2 == 1:
del lis[i]
print(lis)
输出结果:
[11, 33, 55]
3,dict
fromkeys:Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value.
dic = dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], '春哥')
print(dic)
dic = dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], [])
print(dic)
dic[1].append('袁姐')
print(dic)
dic[2].extend('二哥')
print(dic)
输出结果:
{1: ‘春哥’, 2: ‘春哥’, 3: ‘春哥’}
{1: [], 2: [], 3: []}
{1: [‘袁姐’], 2: [‘袁姐’], 3: [‘袁姐’]}
{1: [‘袁姐’, ‘二’, ‘哥’], 2: [‘袁姐’, ‘二’, ‘哥’], 3: [‘袁姐’, ‘二’, ‘哥’]}
4,tuple
如果元祖里面只有一个元素且不加,那此元素是什么类型,就是什么类型。(面试题)
tu1 = (1)
tu2 = (1,)
print(tu1, type(tu1))
print(tu2, type(tu2))
输出结果:
1 <class ‘int’>
(1,) <class ‘tuple’>
二,集合
集合:可变的数据类型,他里面的元素必须是不可变的数据类型,无序,不重复。
1,增
set1 = {'alex', 'wusir', 'ritian', 'egon', 'barry'}
#add
set1.add('女神')
print(set1)
#update
set1.update('abc')
print(set1)
输出结果:
{‘barry’, ‘egon’, ‘wusir’, ‘女神’, ‘alex’, ‘ritian’}
{‘barry’, ‘b’, ‘egon’, ‘wusir’, ‘a’, ‘c’, ‘女神’, ‘alex’, ‘ritian’}
2,删
set1 = {'alex', 'wusir', 'ritian', 'egon', 'barry'}
set1.remove('egon') # 按元素
print(set1)
str = set1.pop() # 随机删除
print('随机删除:', str) # 有返回值
print(set1)
set1.clear()
print(set1)
del set1 #删除集合
输出结果:
{‘barry’, ‘ritian’, ‘alex’, ‘wusir’}
随机删除: barry
{‘ritian’, ‘alex’, ‘wusir’}
set()
3,下面是集合最牛逼的地方
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} #交集
set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
set3 = set1 & set2
print(set3) # {4, 5}
print(set1.intersection(set2)) # {4, 5}
print('*************************************************')
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} #并集
set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
print(set1 | set2) # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8}
print(set2.union(set1)) # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
print('*************************************************')
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} #反交集
set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
print(set1 ^ set2) # {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8}
print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2)) # {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8}
print('*************************************************')
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} #差集
set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
print(set1 - set2) # {1, 2, 3} set1独有的
print(set1.difference(set2)) # {1, 2, 3}
print('*************************************************')
set1 = {1,2,3,} #子集与超集
set2 = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
print(set1 < set2)
print(set1.issubset(set2)) # 这两个相同,都是说明set1是set2子集。
print(set2 > set1)
print(set2.issuperset(set1)) # 这两个相同,都是说明set2是set1超集。
输出结果:
{4, 5}
{4, 5}
Hello world
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Hello world
{1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8}
{1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8}
Hello world
{1, 2, 3}
{1, 2, 3}
Hello world
True
True
True
True
4,另外补充一点小知识
#去重(面试题)
li = [1, 2, 33, 33, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 6]
set1 = set(li)
print(set1)
li = list(set1)
print(li)
输出结果:
{1, 2, 33, 4, 5, 6}
[1, 2, 33, 4, 5, 6]
三,了解几个赋值运算
l1 = [1, 2, 3]
l2 = l1
l1.append('a')
print(l1, l2)
输出结果:
[1, 2, 3, ‘a’] [1, 2, 3, ‘a’]
#copy
l1 = [1, 2, 3]
l2 = l1.copy()
print(l1, l2)
print(id(l1), id(l2))
l2.append('a')
print(l1, l2)
输出结果:
[1, 2, 3] [1, 2, 3]
1796823956936 1796824090056
[1, 2, 3] [1, 2, 3, ‘a’]