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一行命令命令制作u盘启动盘-----在ubuntu笔记本
两部;第一部,下载:apt install pv;第二部执行命令:pv -cN source < CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1804.iso | dd of=/dev/sdc
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# apt install pv
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
正在读取状态信息... 完成
下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了：
fonts-horai-umefont fonts-unfonts-core gnome-exe-thumbnailer libgif7:i386
libgsf-1-114 libgsf-1-common libice6:i386 libmsi0
libp11-kit-gnome-keyring:i386 libsm6:i386 libxt6:i386
linux-headers-4.13.0-45 linux-headers-4.13.0-45-generic
linux-headers-4.15.0-24 linux-headers-4.15.0-24-generic
linux-headers-4.15.0-36 linux-headers-4.15.0-36-generic
linux-image-4.13.0-45-generic linux-image-4.15.0-24-generic
linux-image-4.15.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-45-generic
linux-modules-4.15.0-24-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-36-generic
linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-24-generic linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-36-generic
linux-signed-image-4.13.0-45-generic msitools ocl-icd-libopencl1:i386
odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 p11-kit-modules:i386 p7zip ttf-wqy-microhei
unixodbc wine-gecko2.21 wine-gecko2.21:i386 wine-mono0.0.8 winetricks
使用'sudo apt autoremove'来卸载它(它们)。
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
pv
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 1 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 47 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 46.8 kB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 170 kB 的额外空间。
获取:1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 pv amd64 1.6.0-1 [46.8 kB]
已下载 46.8 kB，耗时 0秒 (67.6 kB/s)
正在选中未选择的软件包 pv。
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 407804 个文件和目录。)
正准备解包 .../archives/pv_1.6.0-1_amd64.deb ...
正在解包 pv (1.6.0-1) ...
正在处理用于 man-db (2.7.5-1) 的触发器 ...
正在设置 pv (1.6.0-1) ...
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# pv -cN source < Cent
Centos1-s001.vmdk Centos1-s006.vmdk
Centos1-s002.vmdk Centos1.vmdk
Centos1-s003.vmdk Centos1.vmx
Centos1-s004.vmdk CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1804.iso
Centos1-s005.vmdk
pv -cN source < CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1804.iso | dd of=/dev/sdc
备注:一行命令制作u盘启动盘
制作过程
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# pv -cN source < CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1804.iso | dd of=/dev/sdc
source: 906MiB 0:02:09 [7.01MiB/s] [=====================>] 100%
记录了1855488+0 的读入
记录了1855488+0 的写出
950009856 bytes (950 MB, 906 MiB) copied, 129.168 s, 7.4 MB/s
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev 3.4G 0 3.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs 693M 18M 675M 3% /run
/dev/sdb2 451G 151G 278G 36% /
tmpfs 3.4G 46M 3.4G 2% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.4G 0 3.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 511M 4.7M 507M 1% /boot/efi
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 693M 124K 692M 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdc1 906M 906M 0 100% /media/hairui/CentOS 7 x86_64
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
=========================================================
把制作好的u盘启动盘恢复
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=512 count=1
这行命令很重要
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=512 count=1
记录了1+0 的读入
记录了1+0 的写出
512 bytes copied, 0.00273168 s, 187 kB/s
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 465.8G 0 disk
├─sdb2 8:18 0 458.3G 0 part /
├─sdb3 8:19 0 7G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sdb1 8:17 0 512M 0 part
sdc 8:32 1 14.3G 0 disk
├─sdc2 8:34 1 8.8M 0 part
└─sdc1 8:33 1 906M 0 part /media/hairui/CentOS 7 x86_64
sda 8:0 0 111.8G 0 disk
├─sda2 8:2 0 104.4G 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 7G 0 part
└─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# mkfs.ext4
mkfs.ext4 mkfs.ext4dev
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# mkfs.ext4 -f /dev/sd
sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sdb sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdc sdc1 sdc2
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# mkfs.ext4 -f /dev/sd
sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sdb sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdc sdc1 sdc2
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# mkfs.ext4 -f /dev/sdc
sdc sdc1 sdc2
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# mkfs.ext4 -f /dev/sdc
sdc sdc1 sdc2
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
/dev/sdc: device contains a valid 'iso9660' signature; it is strongly recommended to wipe the device with wipefs(8) if this is unexpected, in order to avoid possible collisions
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x95ffb65f.
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)： p
Disk /dev/sdc: 14.3 GiB, 15376318464 bytes, 30031872 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x95ffb65f
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)： q
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# umount /dev
/dev /dev/hugepages /dev/mqueue /dev/pts /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/shm
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# umount /dev
/dev /dev/hugepages /dev/mqueue /dev/pts /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/shm
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# umount /dev/sd
/dev/sda1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc1
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# umount /dev/sd
/dev/sda1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc1
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# umount /dev/sdc1
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev 3513664 0 3513664 0% /dev
tmpfs 708708 18112 690596 3% /run
/dev/sdb2 472897784 157834684 291018200 36% /
tmpfs 3543528 46896 3496632 2% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3543528 0 3543528 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 523248 4740 518508 1% /boot/efi
cgmfs 100 0 100 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 708708 124 708584 1% /run/user/1000
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
/dev/sdc: device contains a valid 'iso9660' signature; it is strongly recommended to wipe the device with wipefs(8) if this is unexpected, in order to avoid possible collisions
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe8a51ff8.
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)： p
Disk /dev/sdc: 14.3 GiB, 15376318464 bytes, 30031872 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe8a51ff8
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)： n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):
Using default response p.
分区号 (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-30031871, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-30031871, default 30031871):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 14.3 GiB.
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)： p
Disk /dev/sdc: 14.3 GiB, 15376318464 bytes, 30031872 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe8a51ff8
设备 启动 Start 末尾 扇区 Size Id 类型
/dev/sdc1 2048 30031871 30029824 14.3G 83 Linux
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)： w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 465.8G 0 disk
├─sdb2 8:18 0 458.3G 0 part /
├─sdb3 8:19 0 7G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sdb1 8:17 0 512M 0 part
sdc 8:32 1 14.3G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 1 14.3G 0 part
sda 8:0 0 111.8G 0 disk
├─sda2 8:2 0 104.4G 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 7G 0 part
└─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# mkfs.ext4 -f /dev/sdc1
mkfs.ext4：无效选项 -- f
Usage: mkfs.ext4 [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size]
[-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-J journal-options]
[-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes]
[-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os]
[-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory]
[-O feature[,...]] [-r fs-revision] [-E extended-option[,...]]
[-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] [-jnqvDFKSV] device [blocks-count]
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Creating filesystem with 3753728 4k blocks and 940240 inodes
Filesystem UUID: df84ad54-2270-4222-aafc-0f9e7c732811
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 465.8G 0 disk
├─sdb2 8:18 0 458.3G 0 part /
├─sdb3 8:19 0 7G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sdb1 8:17 0 512M 0 part
sdc 8:32 1 14.3G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 1 14.3G 0 part /media/hairui/CentOS 7 x86_64
sda 8:0 0 111.8G 0 disk
├─sda2 8:2 0 104.4G 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 7G 0 part
└─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev 3.4G 0 3.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs 693M 18M 675M 3% /run
/dev/sdb2 451G 151G 278G 36% /
tmpfs 3.4G 47M 3.4G 2% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.4G 0 3.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 511M 4.7M 507M 1% /boot/efi
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 693M 124K 692M 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdc1 14G 36M 14G 1% /media/hairui/CentOS 7 x86_64
root@hadoop:/home/hairui/centos&.iso#