python for 循环

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for的基本操作

for是用来循环的,是从某个对象那里依次将元素读取出来。

>>> name_str = "hiekay"
>>> for i in name_str:  #可以对str使用for循环
...     print i,
...                     
h i e k a y

>>> name_list = list(name_str)
>>> name_list
['h', 'i', 'e', 'k', 'a', 'y']
>>> for i in name_list:     #对list也能用
...     print i,
... 
h i e k a y

>>> name_set = set(name_str)    #set还可以用
>>> name_set
set(['a', 'e', 'i', 'h', 'k', 'y'])
>>> for i in name_set:
...     print i,
... 
h i e k a y

>>> name_tuple = tuple(name_str)
>>> name_tuple
('h', 'i', 'e', 'k', 'a', 'y')
>>> for i in name_tuple:        #tuple也能呀
...     print i,
... 
h i e k a y

>>> name_dict={"name":"hiekay","lang":"python","website":"hiekay.github.io"}
>>> for i in name_dict:             #dict也不例外
...     print i,"-->",name_dict[i]
... 
lang --> python
website --> hiekay.github.io
name --> hiekay

for在list解析中,用途也不可小觑,这在讲解list解析的时候,也已说明,不过,还是再复习一下为好,所谓学而时常复习之,不亦哈哈乎。

>>> one = range(1,9)         
>>> one
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
>>> [ x for x in one if x%2==0 ]
[2, 4, 6, 8]

将上面所说的for循环,概括一下,就是下图所示:

image.png

用一个文字表述:

for iterating_var in sequence:
    statements

iterating_var是对象sequence的迭代变量,也就是sequence必须是一个能够有某种序列的对象,特别注意没某种序列,就是说能够按照一定的脚标获取元素。当然,文件对象属于序列,我们没有用脚标去获取每行,如果把它读取出来,因为也是一个str,所以依然可以用脚标读取其内容。

##zip

zip是什么东西?在交互模式下用help(zip),得到官方文档是:

zip(…) zip(seq1 [, seq2 […]]) -> [(seq1[0], seq2[0] …), (…)]

Return a list of tuples, where each tuple contains the i-th element from each of the argument sequences. The returned list is truncated in length to the length of the shortest argument sequence.

通过实验来理解上面的文档:

>>> a = "hiekay"
>>> b = "github"
>>> zip(a,b)
[('h', 'g'), ('i', 'i'), ('e', 't'), ('k', 'h'), ('a', 'u'), ('y', 'b')]
>>> c = [1,2,3]
>>> d = [9,8,7,6]
>>> zip(c,d)
[(1, 9), (2, 8), (3, 7)]
>>> e = (1,2,3)
>>> f = (9,8)
>>> zip(e,f)
[(1, 9), (2, 8)]
>>> m = {"name","lang"}  
>>> n = {"hiekay","python"}
>>> zip(m,n)
[('lang', 'python'), ('name', 'hiekay')]
>>> s = {"name":"hiekay"}
>>> t = {"lang":"python"}
>>> zip(s,t)
[('name', 'lang')]

zip是一个内置函数,它的参数必须是某种序列数据类型,如果是字典,那么键视为序列。然后将序列对应的元素依次组成元组,做为一个list的元素。

下面是比较特殊的情况,参数是一个序列数据的时候,生成的结果样子:

>>> a  
'hiekay'
>>> c  
[1, 2, 3]
>>> zip(c)
[(1,), (2,), (3,)]
>>> zip(a)
[('q',), ('i',), ('w',), ('s',), ('i',), ('r',)]

这个函数和for连用,就是实现了:

>>> c
[1, 2, 3]
>>> d
[9, 8, 7, 6]
>>> for x,y in zip(c,d):    #实现一对一对地打印
...     print x,y
... 
1 9
2 8
3 7
>>> for x,y in zip(c,d):    #把两个list中的对应量上下相加。
...     print x+y
... 
10
10
10

上面这个相加的功能,如果不用zip,还可以这么写:

>>> length = len(c) if len(c)<len(d) else len(d)    #判断c,d的长度,将短的长度拿出来
>>> for i in range(length):
...     print c[i]+d[i]
... 
10
10
10

以上两种写法那个更好呢?还可以这么做呢:

>>> [ x+y for x,y in zip(c,d) ]
[10, 10, 10]

前面多次说了,list解析强悍呀。当然,还可以这样的:

>>> [ c[i]+d[i] for i in range(length) ]
[10, 10, 10]

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转载自blog.csdn.net/u010820857/article/details/84776819