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ubuntu16.04如何在无网络环境安装软件
在部署软件的过程中难免会遇到在企业中服务器不能上外网的环境。
例如：ubuntu系统安装nfs服务通常如下：
apt-get update
apt-get install nfs-kernel-server
但是在无网络环境使用apt-get iupdate && apt-get install nfs是行不通的，在Centos系统中我们可以搭建本地的yum源，及时在无网络环境也可以安装系统需要的软件，那么在ubuntu系统中是没有yum源的概念的。
一、Ubuntu无网络环境安装软件
测试环境
- 主机A：ubuntu16.04，可上网环境
- 主机B：ubuntu16.04，不可上网环境
1.1、在有网络环境系统中安装需要的软件如下：
root@serverA:~# apt-get update
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease [247 kB]
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [107 kB]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [109 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages [585 kB]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [107 kB]
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [1,201 kB]
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main i386 Packages [500 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main Translation-en [244 kB]
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages [1,196 kB]
Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted amd64 Packages [7,204 B]
Get:11 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted i386 Packages [7,224 B]
Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted Translation-en [2,152 B]
Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 Packages [402 kB]
Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe i386 Packages [349 kB]
Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe Translation-en [157 kB]
Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [3,724 B]
Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse i386 Packages [3,892 B]
Get:18 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse Translation-en [1,844 B]
Get:19 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main Translation-en [568 kB]
Get:20 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted amd64 Packages [8,344 B]
Get:21 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted i386 Packages [8,684 B]
Get:22 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted Translation-en [2,908 B]
Get:23 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages [7,532 kB]
Get:24 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe i386 Packages [7,512 kB]
Get:25 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe Translation-en [4,354 kB]
Get:26 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse amd64 Packages [144 kB]
Get:27 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse i386 Packages [140 kB]
Get:28 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse Translation-en [106 kB]
Get:29 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages [884 kB]
Get:30 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main i386 Packages [786 kB]
Get:31 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main Translation-en [359 kB]
Get:32 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [7,556 B]
Get:33 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted i386 Packages [7,524 B]
Get:34 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted Translation-en [2,272 B]
Get:35 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 Packages [710 kB]
Get:36 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe i386 Packages [650 kB]
Get:37 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe Translation-en [290 kB]
Get:38 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [16.6 kB]
Get:39 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [15.7 kB]
Get:40 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse Translation-en [8,440 B]
Get:41 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 Packages [7,288 B]
Get:42 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main i386 Packages [7,292 B]
Get:43 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main Translation-en [4,456 B]
Get:44 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe amd64 Packages [7,804 B]
Get:45 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe i386 Packages [7,488 B]
Get:46 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe Translation-en [4,184 B]
Fetched 29.4 MB in 1min 25s (345 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
1.2、安装nfs-kernel-server
使用有网络环境中安装好软件在/var/cache/apt/archives/路径下会生成关于nfs-kernel-server软件的相关依赖包及安装包，以deb结尾的文件。
2、在无网络环境安装nfs
2.1、创建一个存放关于nfs以deb文件结尾的目录
root@serverB:~# mkdir /nfs-deb
root@serverB:~# cd /nfs-deb/
2.2、将所有nfs包传输至/nfs-deb目录
2.3、无网络环境安装nfs
root@serverB:/nfs-deb# dpkg -i *
2.4、启动nfs试试
root@serverB:~# /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start
[ ok ] Starting nfs-kernel-server (via systemctl): nfs-kernel-server.service.
