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废话不说，先上代码（本文最后有测试数据）：
代码：
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<malloc.h>
typedef struct pnode //结构体定义 用于存放学生信息的节点
{
char name [10]; //姓名
char num[16]; //学号
char dor[30]; //房号
char group[20]; //班级
}student;
char filename[200]="data.txt"; //文件名
FILE *fp; //指向文件的指针
void creat() // 创建一个二进制文件 用于存放学生数据
{ student *person;
person=(student *)malloc(sizeof(student)); //为节点分配内存
if((fp=fopen(filename,"w+"))==NULL)
{
exit(0);
}
printf("data.txt文件已创建。\n\n");
printf("\n请输入学生的姓名 学号 房号 班级 用空格隔开 以#结束\n");
scanf("%s",person->name);
while(strcmp(person->name,"#")) //该循环用于控制学生信息的录入 遇#结束
{ scanf("%s %s %s",person->num,person->dor,person->group);
fprintf(fp,"%-10s%-10s%-10s%-10s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);scanf("%s",person->name);
}
fclose(fp);
}
void readfile() //文件读取函数
{
if((fp=fopen(filename,"r+"))==NULL)
{printf("\n无法打开该文件:\n");exit(0);}
fclose(fp);
}
void output() //输出函数 用于输出文件的全部信息
{ student *person;
long offset1,offset2;
char name1[10],name2[10],name3[10];
char num1[16],num2[16],num3[16];
char dor1[30],dor2[30],dor3[30];
char group1[20],group2[20],group3[20];
person=(student *)malloc(sizeof(student));
if((fp=fopen(filename,"r"))==NULL)
{
printf("\n 无法打开该文件");exit(0);
}
printf("\n****************************************************************\n");
printf("%40s\n","输出的记录如下\n");
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n","姓名","学号","房号","班级");
while(!feof(fp)) //次循环用于输出文件
{
fscanf(fp,"%s%s%s%s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n",
person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
}
fclose(fp);
printf("************************************************************\n\n");
}
void namesearch() // 按姓名搜索函数
{ int k=0;
char namekey[10];
student *person;
person=(student *)malloc(sizeof(student));
printf("\n 请输入您要查找的姓名:");
scanf("%s",namekey);
if((fp=fopen(filename,"rb"))==NULL)
{printf("\n 无法打开文件");exit(0);}
while(!feof(fp))
{
fscanf(fp,"%s %s %s %s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
if(!strcmp(namekey,person->name))
{ printf("\n\n 已经为您找到 以下是记录:\n\n");
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n","姓名","学号","房号","班级");
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
k=1;
}
}
if(!k)
printf("\n\n 没有关于此姓名的任何信息！ \n");
fclose(fp);
}
void numsearch() //按学号搜索函数
{ int k=0;
char xhkey[16];
student *person;
person=(student *)malloc(sizeof(student));
printf("\n 请您输入需要查找的学号：");
scanf("%s",xhkey);
if((fp=fopen(filename,"rb"))==NULL)
{
printf("\n 无法打开文件 ");
exit(0);
}
while(!feof(fp))
{
fscanf(fp,"%s %s %s %s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
if(!strcmp(xhkey,person->num))
{ printf("\n\n 已经为您找到 以下是记录：\n\n");
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n","姓名","学号","房号","班级");
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
k=1;
}
}
if(!k)
printf("\n\n 没有关于该学号的任何信息\n");
fclose(fp);
}
void dorsearch () //按房号搜索函数
{ int k=0;
char fhkey[30];
student *person;
person=(student *)malloc(sizeof(student));
printf("\n 请您输入想要查找的房号");
scanf("%s",fhkey);
if((fp=fopen(filename,"rb"))==NULL)
{ printf("\n 无法打开文件");
exit(0);
}
while(!feof(fp))
{
fscanf(fp,"%s %s %s %s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
if(!strcmp(fhkey,person->dor))
{ printf("\n\n 已经为您找到 以下是记录:\n\n");
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n","姓名","学号","房号","班级");
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
k=1;
}
}
if(!k)
printf("\n\n 没有关于此房号的任何信息\n");
fclose(fp);
}
void add() //插入函数 用于像已有文件插入一条新的学生信息记录
{ student *person;
person=(student *)malloc(sizeof(student));
if((fp=fopen(filename,"a"))==NULL)
{ printf("\n 无法打开文件");exit(0);}
printf("\n 请您输入学生姓名 学号 房号 班级 \n");
scanf("%s %s %s %s",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
fprintf(fp,"%-10s%-10s%-10s%-10s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
fclose(fp);
}
void modify() //更新函数 用于修改指定学生姓名的记录
{ int k=0;
long offset;
char namekey[10];
student *person;
person=(student *)malloc(sizeof(student));
printf("\n 请您输入想要更改的学生的姓名 :");
scanf("%s",namekey);
if((fp=fopen(filename,"r+"))==NULL)
{ printf("\n 无法打开文件"); exit(0);}
while(!feof(fp))
{ offset=ftell(fp);
fscanf(fp,"%s %s %s %s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
if(!strcmp(namekey,person->name)) //比较是否相同 如
{k=1; break;}
}
if(k) //相同 输出记录并进行修改
{ printf("\n 记录输出如下：\n\n");
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n","姓名","学号","房号","班级");
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
printf("\n 请您输入新的学生姓名 学号 房号 班级：\n");
scanf("%s %s %s %s",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
fseek(fp,offset,SEEK_SET);
fprintf(fp,"%-10s%-10s%-10s%-10s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
}
else
printf("\n 没有关于该姓名的任何记录\n");
fclose(fp);
}
void deleted() //删除函数 用于删除指定学生姓名的记录
{
int k=0;
char m;
long offset;
char namekey[10];
student *person;
person=(student *)malloc(sizeof(student));
printf("\n请您输入想要删除的姓名：");
scanf("%s",namekey);
if((fp=fopen(filename,"r+"))==NULL)
{
printf("\n 无法打开文件 ");
exit(0);
}
while(!feof(fp)) //此循环遍历整个文件 查找需要删除的记录
{
offset=ftell(fp);
fscanf(fp,"%s %s %s %s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group);
if(!strcmp(namekey,person->name))
{ k=1; break; }
}
if(k)
{ printf("\n 记录输出如下：\n\n");
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n","姓名","学号","房号","班级");
printf("%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s\n",person->name,person->num,person->dor,person->group); printf("\n 您真的确定要删除?y/n?");
scanf("%s",&m);
if(m=='y') //删除确认按钮
{ fseek(fp,offset,SEEK_SET); //删除记录
fprintf(fp,"%-10s%-10s%-10s%-10s\n","","","","");
}
else rewind(fp);
}
else printf("\n 没有关于该姓名的任何记录\n");
fclose(fp);
}
int main() //主函数
{
int m,flag=1; // m用于控制菜单的选择项 flag用于控制菜单弹出
while(flag)
{
printf("%40s\n","平顶山大学宿舍管理系统");
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("\t\t0 ------------ 创建文件\n");
printf("\t\t1 ------------ 打开文件\n");
printf("\t\t2 ------------ 姓名查询\n");
printf("\t\t3 ------------ 学号查询\n");
printf("\t\t4 ------------ 房号查询\n");
printf("\t\t5 ------------ 修改记录\n");
printf("\t\t6 ------------ 删除记录\n");
printf("\t\t7 ------------ 增加纪录\n");
printf("\t\t8 ------------ 输出记录\n");
printf("\t\t9 ------------ 退出\n");
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("\t 请输入0-9选择您的操作：\n");
scanf("%d",&m);
switch(m)
{
case 0:creat();
break;
case 1:readfile();
break;
case 2:namesearch ();
break;
case 3:numsearch();
break;
case 4:dorsearch();
break;
case 5:modify();
break;
case 6: deleted();
break;
case 7:add();
break;
case 8:output();
break;
case 9:exit(0);
default:break;
}
}
}
测试数据：
小杰 1701 101 001
小飞 1702 102 002
小豪 1703 103 003
小来 1704 104 004
小帅 1706 106 006
小阳 1705 105 005
#第一次使用先输入0然后输入数据（以#结束）进行创建data.txt文件
