WKWebView 的那些事

大量使用webview加载H5,鉴于WKWebView的性能优于UIWebView,所以就选择了WKWebView。WKWebView在使用的过程中,还是有很过内容值得我们去记录和研究的,这里我就做了一下总结,跟大家分享一下。


一、基本使用


WKWebView的基本使用网上也有很多,这里我就简略的写一下:

引入头文件#import <WebKit/WebKit.h>


- (void)setupWebview{

    WKWebViewConfiguration *config = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc] init];

    config.selectionGranularity = WKSelectionGranularityDynamic;

    config.allowsInlineMediaPlayback = YES;

    WKPreferences *preferences = [WKPreferences new];

    //是否支持JavaScript

    preferences.javaScriptEnabled = YES;

    //不通过用户交互,是否可以打开窗口

    preferences.javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically = YES;

    config.preferences = preferences;


    WKWebView *webview = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, KScreenWidth, KScreenHeight - 64) configuration:config];

    [self.view addSubview:webview];

    

    /* 加载服务器url的方法*/

    NSString *url = @"https://www.baidu.com";

    NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url]];

    [webview loadRequest:request];

    

    webview.navigationDelegate = self;

    webview.UIDelegate = self;

}


WKWebViewConfiguration和WKPreferences中有很多属性可以对webview初始化进行设置,这里就不一一介绍了。


遵循的协议和实现的协议方法:


#pragma mark - WKNavigationDelegate

/* 页面开始加载 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{


}

/* 开始返回内容 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

    

}

/* 页面加载完成 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

    

}

/* 页面加载失败 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

    

}

/* 在发送请求之前,决定是否跳转 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler{

    //允许跳转

    decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);

    //不允许跳转

    //decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel);

}

/* 在收到响应后,决定是否跳转 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler{

    

    NSLog(@"%@",navigationResponse.response.URL.absoluteString);

    //允许跳转

    decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyAllow);

    //不允许跳转

    //decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyCancel);

}


下面介绍几个开发中需要实现的小细节:


1、url中文处理

有时候我们加载的URL中可能会出现中文,需要我们手动进行转码,但是同时又要保证URL中的特殊字符保持不变,那么我们就可以使用下面的方法(方法放到了NSString中的分类中):


- (NSURL *)url{

#pragma clang diagnostic push

#pragma clang diagnostic ignored"-Wdeprecated-declarations"

    return [NSURL URLWithString:(NSString *)CFBridgingRelease(CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFStringRef)self, (CFStringRef)@"!$&'()*+,-./:;=?@_~%#[]", NULL,kCFStringEncodingUTF8))];

#pragma clang diagnostic pop

}


2、获取h5中的标题 3、添加进度条

获取h5中的标题和添加进度条放到一起展示看起来更明朗一点,在初始化wenview时,添加两个观察者分别用来监听webview 的estimatedProgress和title属性:


webview.navigationDelegate = self;

webview.UIDelegate = self;

    

[webview addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"estimatedProgress" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];

[webview addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"title" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:NULL];


添加创建进度条,并添加进度条图层属性:


@property (nonatomic,weak) CALayer *progressLayer;


-(void)setupProgress{

    UIView *progress = [[UIView alloc]init];

    progress.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, KScreenWidth, 3);

    progress.backgroundColor = [UIColor  clearColor];

    [self.view addSubview:progress];

    

    CALayer *layer = [CALayer layer];

    layer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 0, 3);

    layer.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor].CGColor;

    [progress.layer addSublayer:layer];

    self.progressLayer = layer;

}


实现观察者的回调方法:


#pragma mark - KVO回馈

-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context{

    if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"estimatedProgress"]) {

        self.progressLayer.opacity = 1;

        if ([change[@"new"] floatValue] <[change[@"old"] floatValue]) {

            return;

        }

        self.progressLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, KScreenWidth*[change[@"new"] floatValue], 3);

        if ([change[@"new"]floatValue] == 1.0) {

            dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(.5 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{

                self.progressLayer.opacity = 0;

                self.progressLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 0, 3);

            });

        }

    }else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"title"]){

        self.title = change[@"new"];

    }

}


下面是实现的效果图:


效果图-1.gif


4、添加userAgent信息


有时候H5的伙伴需要我们为webview的请求添加userAgent,以用来识别操作系统等信息,但是如果每次用到webview都要添加一次的话会比较麻烦,下面介绍一个一劳永逸的方法。

在Appdelegate中添加一个WKWebview的属性,启动app时直接,为该属性添加userAgent:


- (void)setUserAgent {

    _webView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero];

    [_webView evaluateJavaScript:@"navigator.userAgent" completionHandler:^(id result, NSError *error) {

        if (error) { return; }

        NSString *userAgent = result;

        if (![userAgent containsString:@"/mobile-iOS"]) {

            userAgent = [userAgent stringByAppendingString:@"/mobile-iOS"];

            NSDictionary *dict = @{@"UserAgent": userAgent};

            [TKUserDefaults registerDefaults:dict];

        }

    }];

}


这样一来,在app中创建的webview都会存在我们添加的userAgent的信息。


二、原生JS交互


(一)JS调用原生方法

在WKWebView中实现与JS的交互还需要实现另外一个代理方法:WKScriptMessageHandler


#pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler

- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController

      didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message


在 message的name和body属性中我们可以获取到与JS调取原生的方法名和所传递的参数。


打印一下如下图所示:


效果图-3.jpg


JS调用原生方法的代码:


window.webkit.messageHandlers.takePicturesByNative.postMessage({

                    "picType": "0",

                    "picCount":"9",

                    "callBackName": "getImg"

                })

        }


注意:JS只能向原生传递一个参数,所以如果有多个参数需要传递,可以让JS传递对象或者JSON字符串即可。


(二)原生调用JS方法


[webview evaluateJavaScript:“JS语句” completionHandler:^(id _Nullable data, NSError * _Nullable error) {

       

 }];


下面举例说明:


实现H5通过原生方法调用相册


首先,遵循代理:


<WKNavigationDelegate, WKUIDelegate,WKScriptMessageHandler>


注册方法名:


config.preferences = preferences;


WKUserContentController *user = [[WKUserContentController alloc]init];

[user addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"takePicturesByNative"];

config.userContentController =user;


实现代理方法:


#pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler

- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController

      didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{

    if ([message.name isEqualToString:@"takePicturesByNative"]) {

       [self takePicturesByNative];

    }

}

- (void)takePicturesByNative{

    UIImagePickerController *vc = [[UIImagePickerController alloc] init];

    vc.delegate = self;

    vc.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary;

    

    [self presentViewController:vc animated:YES completion:nil];

}

- (void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)info {

    NSTimeInterval timeInterval = [[NSDate date]timeIntervalSince1970];

    NSString *timeString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.0f",timeInterval];

    

    UIImage *image = [info  objectForKey:UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage];

    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,NSUserDomainMask, YES);

    NSString *filePath = [[paths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.png",timeString]];  //保存到本地

    [UIImagePNGRepresentation(image) writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];

    NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",filePath];

    [picker dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:^{

        // oc 调用js 并且传递图片路径参数

        [self.webview evaluateJavaScript:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"getImg('%@')",str] completionHandler:^(id _Nullable data, NSError * _Nullable error) {

        }];


    }];

}


我们期望的效果是,点击webview中打开相册的按钮,调用原生方法,展示相册,选择图片,可以传递给JS,并展示在webview中。

但是运行程序发现:我们可以打开相册,说明JS调用原生方法成功了,但是并不能在webview中展示出来,说明原生调用JS方法时,出现了问题。这是因为,在WKWebView中,H5在加载本地的资源(包括图片、CSS文件、JS文件等等)时,默认被禁止了,所以根据我们传递给H5的图片路径,无法展示图片。解决办法:在传递给H5的图片路径中添加我们自己的请求头,拦截H5加载资源的请求头进行判断,拿到路径然后由我们来手动请求。


先为图片路径添加一个我们自己的请求头:


NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"myapp://%@",filePath];


然后创建一个新类继承于NSURLProtocol


.h


#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface MyCustomURLProtocol : NSURLProtocol

@end


.m


@implementation MyCustomURLProtocol

+ (BOOL)canInitWithRequest:(NSURLRequest*)theRequest{

    if ([theRequest.URL.scheme caseInsensitiveCompare:@"myapp"] == NSOrderedSame) {

        return YES;

    }

    return NO;

}


+ (NSURLRequest*)canonicalRequestForRequest:(NSURLRequest*)theRequest{

    return theRequest;

}


- (void)startLoading{

    NSURLResponse *response = [[NSURLResponse alloc] initWithURL:[self.request URL]

                                                        MIMEType:@"image/png"

                                           expectedContentLength:-1

                                                textEncodingName:nil];

    NSString *imagePath = [self.request.URL.absoluteString componentsSeparatedByString:@"myapp://"].lastObject;

    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:imagePath];

    [[self client] URLProtocol:self didReceiveResponse:response cacheStoragePolicy:NSURLCacheStorageNotAllowed];

    [[self client] URLProtocol:self didLoadData:data];

    [[self client] URLProtocolDidFinishLoading:self];

}

- (void)stopLoading{

}

@end


在控制器中注册MyCustomURLProtocol协议并添加对myapp协议的监听:


 //注册

    [NSURLProtocol registerClass:[MyCustomURLProtocol class]];

    //实现拦截功能

    Class cls = NSClassFromString(@"WKBrowsingContextController");

    SEL sel = NSSelectorFromString(@"registerSchemeForCustomProtocol:");

    if ([(id)cls respondsToSelector:sel]) {

#pragma clang diagnostic push

#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"

        [(id)cls performSelector:sel withObject:@"myapp"];

#pragma clang diagnostic pop

    }


运行程序,效果如下:


效果图-2.gif


不仅仅是加载本地的图片,webview加载任何本地的资源都可以使用该方法,不过在使用过程中,大家一定要密切注意跨域问题会带来的安全性问题。 


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转载自blog.csdn.net/YCM1101743158/article/details/80040481