1、下载：

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2、解压：

tar zxvf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local --解压到指定目录然后再进行重命名为mysql

3、创建mysql 账户

[root@localhost ~]#useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql -- M 不建立使用者目录

或者 groupadd mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysqldata

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata --将mysqldata所属主所属组赋予mysql用户权限

4、进行初始化：

[root@localhost ~]#cd /usr/local/mysql5.7.22

[root@localhost ~]#./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir= /data/mysqldata

注意，这一步最后一行会有一个提示
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: -gLjbSisv1uh

5、拷贝配置文件和启动脚本

修改 /etc/my.cnf 文件。

vim /etc/my.cnf //编辑或者修改

[mysqld] --在这里修改
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysqldata
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock -注意路径不能出错，否则启动出错

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld --复制启动脚本到/etc/init.d下
vi /etc/init.d/mysqld --编辑或者修改
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysqldata

6. 启动服务
/etc/init.d/mysqld start

加入开机启动
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

或者

mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql5.7.22/my.cnf --user=mysql &

7、设置root密码

注：编辑 vi /etc/profile 配置环境变量
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql5.7.22/bin

# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin 映射一个链接到/usr/bin目录下，建立一个链接文件。

mysql -uroot -p/进入mysql (密码为刚刚安装完成密码-gLjbSisv1uh)

成功登陆后，在输入show databases 会提示你重新设置密码，

mysql>set password = password(‘mypass‘); 退出来，再使用新的密码登录就可以了、

2>.还有一种情况，就是不知道初始化密码
vi /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]下面增加一行
skip-grant-tables
重启 /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

mysql -uroot

mysql> update user set authentication_string=password(‘123333‘) where user=‘root‘;
退出来后，更改my.cnf，去掉刚加的 skip-grant-tables
重启 /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
此时就可以使用新的密码了。

此时安装完成mysql 5.7

Mysql与Mariadb

Mysql是一个关系型数据库，由mysql ab公司开发，在2008年被sun公司收购，2009年被oracle公司收购。mysql最新版本是5.7GA/8.0DMR。mysql 5.6版本变化比较大，5.7版本性能上有很大提升。

Mariadb是mysql的一个分支，最新版本是10.2版本。它是由Mysql原作者带领大部分原班人马创立的SkySQL公司维护。

Mariadb5.5版本对应MySQL的5.5版本,10.0版本对应MySQL的5.6版本。

Tips：

Community 社区版本，Enterprise 企业版，

GA（Generally Available）指通用版本，在生产环境中用的，

DMR（Development Milestone Release）开发里程碑发布版，

RC（Release Candidate）发行候选版本，Beta开放测试版本，Alpha内部测试版本。

安装Mariadb

1、下载安装文件

[root@juispan src]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.2.6/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

--2017-07-21 07:01:06-- https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.2.6/bi ntar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

正在解析主机 downloads.mariadb.com (downloads.mariadb.com)... 51.255.94.155, 200 1:41d0:1004:249b::

正在连接 downloads.mariadb.com (downloads.mariadb.com)|51.255.94.155|:443... 已连接。

已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK

长度：541295045 (516M) [application/octet-stream]

正在保存至: “mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz”

5% [====> 7% [==> ] 38,395,559 62.6KB/s 剩余 1h 40m

2、解压并移动

[root@juispan src]# tar zxvfmariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

......

[root@juispan src]# mv mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 /usr/local/mariadb

3、创建用户

[root@juispan mariadb]# useradd mysql

4、初始化数据库

[root@juispan src]# cd /usr/local/mariadb

[root@juispan mariadb]# ls

bin data include mysql-test share

COPYING DESTINATION INSTALL-BINARY README.md sql-bench

COPYING.thirdparty docs lib README-wsrep support-files

CREDITS EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT man scripts

[root@server02 mariadb]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mariadb

Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in ‘/data/mariadb‘ ...

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy

support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !

To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

‘./bin/mysqladmin‘ -u root password ‘new-password‘

‘./bin/mysqladmin‘ -u root -h server02 password ‘new-password‘

Alternatively you can run:

‘./bin/mysql_secure_installation‘

which will also give you the option of removing the test

databases and anonymous user created by default. This is

strongly recommended for production servers.

See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the

MySQL manual for more instructions.

You can start the MariaDB daemon with:

cd ‘.‘ ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=‘/data/mariadb‘

You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl

cd ‘./mysql-test‘ ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira

The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.

You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:

http://dev.mysql.com

[root@juispan mariadb]# echo $?

初始化显示“OK”和“echo $?”校验都表明了已正常初始化。

5、拷贝配置文件

[root@juispan mariadb]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf

[root@juispan mariadb]# vi /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf

......

basedir =/usr/local/mariadb

datadir =/data/mariadb

......

是选用“my-small.conf”还是“my-huge.cnf ”等这种文件和设备的配置有关，根据实际设备配置选择。

vi /etc/profile.d

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

source /etc/profile　　使这个配置文件及时生效

6、拷贝启动脚本文件

[root@juispan mariadb]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb

[root@juispan mariadb]# vi /etc/init.d/mariadb

......

basedir=/usr/local/mariadb ##定义basedir

datadir=/data/mariadb ##定义datadir

conf=$basedir/my.cnf ##定义conf

......

then

# Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script

# may be overwritten at next upgrade.

$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$conf"--datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" "$@" & ##增加defaults-file启动参数

wait_for_ready; return_value=$?

......

7、启动Mysql

[root@juispan mariadb]# chkconfig --add mariadb

[root@juispan mariadb]# chkconfig --list

注意：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。

如果您想列出 systemd 服务,请执行 ‘systemctl list-unit-files‘。

欲查看对特定 target 启用的服务请执行

‘systemctl list-dependencies [target]‘。

mariadb 0:关 1:关 2:开 3:开 4:开 5:开 6:关

netconsole 0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:关 6:关

network 0:关 1:关 2:开 3:开 4:开 5:开 6:关

[root@juispan mariadb]# /etc/init.d/mariadb start

Reloading systemd: [ 确定 ]

Starting mariadb (via systemctl): Job for mariadb.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mariadb.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

[失败]

[root@juispan mariadb]# systemctl status mariadb.service

● mariadb.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL

Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mariadb; bad; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 五 2017-07-21 08:13:42 CST; 35s ago

Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

Process: 10559 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mariadb start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

7月 21 08:13:41 juispan mariadb[10559]: Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted

7月 21 08:13:41 juispan mariadb[10559]: WARNING: Defaults file ‘/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf--datadir=/var/lib/mysql‘ not found!

7月 21 08:13:41 juispan mariadb[10559]: 170721 08:13:41 mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/usr/local/mysql/data/juispan.err‘.

7月 21 08:13:41 juispan mariadb[10559]: 170721 08:13:41 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data

7月 21 08:13:41 juispan mariadb[10559]: [147B blob data]

7月 21 08:13:42 juispan mariadb[10559]: ERROR!

7月 21 08:13:42 juispan systemd[1]: mariadb.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1

7月 21 08:13:42 juispan systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: start and stop MySQL.

7月 21 08:13:42 juispan systemd[1]: Unit mariadb.service entered failed state.

7月 21 08:13:42 juispan systemd[1]: mariadb.service failed.

发现“ Defaults file ‘/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf--datadir=/var/lib/mysql‘ not found!”错误。查看启动脚本，发现定义defaults-file的时候，两个参数之间没有空格导致。

[root@juispan mariadb]# /etc/init.d/mariadb start

Starting mariadb (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]

[root@juispan mariadb]# netstat -lnpt

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1337/ssh

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1863/master

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:873 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2368/rsync

tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 3307/mysqld

tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1337/sshd

tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1863/master

tcp6 0 0 :::873 :::* LISTEN 2368/rsync

综上所述：mariadb的安装简直和mysql一模一样。如果服务器上面只有mariadb这个服务，我们完全可以把my.cnf放在etc下，同时也就不需要定义conf以及变量了。

Mariadb二进制安装和配置说明

Mariadb安装步骤

#创建mysql用户和用户组，并禁止用户登陆

[root@toydns local]# groupadd mysql

[root@toydns local]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

#下载mariadb包：

wget https://downloads.mariadb.org/interstitial/mariadb-10.2.11/bintar-linux-systemd-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.11-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz

#解压：

tar xf mariadb-10.2.11-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz

#更改安装目录：注意不要提前建立/usr/local/mysql目录，直接放过去即可

mv mariadb-10.2.11-linux-systemd-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql/

#进入/usr/local/mysql目录

[root@toydns mysql]#cd /usr/local/mysql

[root@toydns mysql]# ll

total 204

drwxr-xr-x. 2 1021 1004 4096 Oct 26 14:04 bin

-rw-r--r--. 1 1021 1004 17987 Nov 27 18:09 COPYING

-rw-r--r--. 1 1021 1004 86263 Nov 27 18:09 COPYING.thirdparty

-rw-r--r--. 1 1021 1004 2275 Nov 27 18:09 CREDITS

drwxrwxr-x. 3 1021 1004 4096 Nov 28 06:16 data

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 4 23:06 etc

-rw-r--r--. 1 1021 1004 8245 Nov 27 18:09 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT

drwxrwxr-x. 3 1021 1004 4096 Nov 28 06:15 include

-rw-r--r--. 1 1021 1004 8694 Nov 27 18:09 INSTALL-BINARY

drwxr-xr-x. 4 1021 1004 4096 Nov 14 22:35 lib

drwxrwxr-x. 4 1021 1004 4096 Nov 28 06:16 man

drwxrwxr-x. 11 1021 1004 4096 Nov 28 06:15 mysql-test

-rw-r--r--. 1 1021 1004 2374 Nov 27 18:09 README.md

-rw-r--r--. 1 1021 1004 19510 Nov 27 18:09 README-wsrep

drwxrwxr-x. 2 1021 1004 4096 Nov 28 06:15 scripts

drwxrwxr-x. 32 1021 1004 4096 Nov 28 06:15 share

drwxrwxr-x. 4 1021 1004 4096 Nov 28 06:15 sql-bench

drwxrwxr-x. 4 1021 1004 4096 Nov 28 06:15 support-files

MySQL的安全设置

[root@toydns mysql]# ./bin/mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB

SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current

password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and

you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,

so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): //直接回车，默认为空

OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB

root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y //是否设置MySQL管理员root的密码，y设置，输入2次

New password:

Re-enter new password:

Password updated successfully!

Reloading privilege tables..

... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone

to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for

them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation

go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a

production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y //是否删除匿名账户 y删除

... Success!

Normally, root should only ba

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can

access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed

before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y //是否删除test测试数据库，y删除

- Dropping test database...

... Success!

- Removing privileges on test database...

... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far

will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y //重新加载可用的数据库表 y 是

... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB

installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

centos 7.3 安装 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

Mariadb二进制安装和配置说明

相关软件包介绍

Mariadb安装步骤

MySQL的安全设置

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