awk 用法

[root@oldboy02 ~]# # awk 参数 '模式{动作}' 文件

[root@oldboy02 ~]# # awk 参数 '条件(找谁) {干啥}' 文件

[root@oldboy02 ~]# awk -F ":" 'NR==2{print $2,$4}' /etc/passwd

x 1

[root@oldboy02 ~]# cat /etc/passwd

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

[root@oldboy02 ~]# mkdir -p /server/files

[root@oldboy02 ~]# cd /server/files/

[root@oldboy02 files]# cat >>files<<EOF

> Zhang Dandan 41116397 :250:100:175

> Zhang xiaoyu 390320151:155:90:201

> Meng Feifei 80042789 :250:60:50

> wu Waiwai 70271111 :250:100:175

> wang xiaoai 3515064655 :50:95:135

> Zi Gege 1986786350 :250:168:200

> Li Youjiu 918391635 :175:75:300

> Lao Nanhai 918391685 :250:100:175

> EOF

[root@oldboy02 files]# ls

files

[root@oldboy02 files]# cat files

Zhang Dandan 41116397 :250:100:175

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151:155:90:201

Meng Feifei 80042789 :250:60:50

wu Waiwai 70271111 :250:100:175

wang xiaoai 3515064655 :50:95:135

Zi Gege 1986786350 :250:168:200

Li Youjiu 918391635 :175:75:300

Lao Nanhai 918391685 :250:100:175

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '/1/' files

Zhang Dandan 41116397 :250:100:175

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151:155:90:201

wu Waiwai 70271111 :250:100:175

wang xiaoai 3515064655 :50:95:135

Zi Gege 1986786350 :250:168:200

Li Youjiu 918391635 :175:75:300

Lao Nanhai 918391685 :250:100:175

[root@oldboy02 files]# #显示xiaoyu的姓氏和ID号码

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '/xiaoyu/{print$1,$2, $3}' files

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151:155:90:201

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '$2~/xiaoyu/' files (~号表示匹配xiaoyu的行)

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151:155:90:201

awk '$2~/xiaoyu/{print $1,$2,$3}' files (表示第二列中包含xiaoyu的行,精确到某一列的内容)

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '$0~/xiaoyu/' files ($0 表示这一整行)

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151 :155:90:201

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '/xiaoyu/' files

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151 :155:90:201

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '$3 ~/^41/' files

Zhang Dandan 41116397 :250:100:175

Meng Feifei 4180042789 :250:60:50

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '$3 ~/^41/' files (第三列以41开头的行)

Zhang Dandan 41116397 :250:100:175

Meng Feifei 4180042789 :250:60:50

# #显示所有已41开头的行的ID号码的人的全名和ID号码

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '$3 ~/^41/{print $1,$2,$3}' files

Zhang Dandan 41116397

Meng Feifei 4180042789

## 显示第三例结尾是1或5行的人的全名和ID号码

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '$3~/[1,5]$/' files

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151 :155:90:201

wu Waiwai 70271111 :250:100:175

wang xiaoai 3515064655 :50:95:135

Li Youjiu 918391635 :175:75:300

Lao Nanhai 918391685 :250:100:175

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '$3~/[1,5]$/{print $1,$2}' files

Zhang xiaoyu

wu Waiwai

wang xiaoai

Li Youjiu

Lao Nanhai

显示第三例结尾是1或5行的人的全名和ID号码

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '$3~/[1,5]$/{print $1,$2,$3}' files

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151

wu Waiwai 70271111

wang xiaoai 3515064655

Li Youjiu 918391635

Lao Nanhai 918391685

:冒号替换成$符号

[root@oldboy02 files]# sed 's#:#$#g' files

Zhang Dandan 41116397 $250$100$175

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151 $155$90$201

Meng Feifei 4180042789 $250$60$50

wu Waiwai 70271111 $250$100$175

wang xiaoai 3515064655 $50$95$135

Zi Gege 1986786350 $250$168$200

Li Youjiu 918391635 $175$75$300

Lao Nanhai 918391685 $250$100$17

awk '{gsub(/匹配/,"替换成什么",$4);print}' 固定格式

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '{gsub(/:/,"$",$4);print}' files

Zhang Dandan 41116397 $250$100$175

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151 $155$90$201

Meng Feifei 4180042789 $250$60$50

wu Waiwai 70271111 $250$100$175

wang xiaoai 3515064655 $50$95$135

Zi Gege 1986786350 $250$168$200

Li Youjiu 918391635 $175$75$300

Lao Nanhai 918391685 $250$100$175

匹配第二列的/xiaoyu/,并将:替换为$

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '$2~/xiaoyu/{gsub(/:/,"$");print}' files (gsub 类似于sed的功能 gsub 表示替换的意思)

Zhang xiaoyu 390320151 $155$90$201

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '/^$/{print NR}' /etc/services

266

299

320

326

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '/^$/{i=i+1;print i}' /etc/services (统计出现的次数)

[root@oldboy02 files]# awk '/^$/{i=i+1}END{print i}' /etc/services (统计总共有多少行,END表示在awk 执行完毕后再进行计算总共有多少行)先计算后统计

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