ubuntu18

ls -al /bin/sh
# choose [No] to use bash
sudo dpkg-reconfigure dash

sudo apt update
sudo apt -y upgrade
sudo apt install openssh-server vim net-tools

sudo apt install ssh ssh-import-id lzop vim-gnome vim-addon-manager vim-scripts exuberant-ctags ctags \
 git git-core git-svn subversion mercurial wget privoxy yasm gcc g++ unzip gitk git-gui build-essential pkg-config aptitude \
 automake autoconf samba smbclient samba-common minicom python-glade2 system-config-samba nfs-kernel-server nfs-common \
 ant autoconf automake autopoint cmake gawk libtool m4 patch pkg-config libprotobuf-dev libprotobuf-c0-dev protobuf-c-compiler ragel

// hisi 平台
sudo apt install linux-libc-dev:i386 zlib1g-dev lib32z1 libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev libc6:i386 lib32stdc++6 uuid-dev lib32ncurses5 lib32z1 cmake-gui \
 lzop libc6:i386 libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libxml2-utils flex libssl-dev gperf bison libswitch-perl gpm:i386 protobuf-compiler

# Ubuntu 编译Android 系统
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk gnupg libgl1-mesa-dev xsltproc \
 zip curl gcc-multilib g++-multilib libc6-dev-i386 lib32stdc++6-7-dbg libx32stdc++6-7-dbg \
 lib32ncurses5-dev x11proto-core-dev libx11-dev lib32z-dev ccache

sudo apt -y install libass-dev libfreetype6-dev libsdl1.2-dev libtheora-dev libtool libva-dev libvdpau-dev libvorbis-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-shm0-dev \
  libxcb-xfixes0-dev texi2html zlib1g-dev

sudo apt install make libc6:i386 lib32z1 lib32stdc++6 zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev \
 ncurses-term libncursesw5-dev g++ u-boot-tools:i386 texinfo texlive gawk
 
创建/etc/ld.so.preload 文件，并执行 echo "" > /etc/ld.so.preload，以解决 64bit linux server 上某些第三方库编译失败的问题
 
sudo update-alternatives --config java
sudo update-alternatives --config javac

// 与lib32stdc++6-7-dbg冲突
sudo apt lib32stdc++6-4.8-dbg
// 与u-boot-tools:i386冲突
sudo apt u-boot-tools
 
// 需要卸载
sudo apt purge libreoffice?
sudo apt remove --purge libreoffice*
sudo apt purge openjdk*
sudo apt remove libreoffice-common unity-webapps-common thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca webbrowser-app gnome-sudoku  landscape-client-ui-install onboard deja-dup  

sudo apt-get clean      #删除所有已下载的包文件
sudo apt-get autoclean  #删除已下载的旧包文件
sudo apt-get autoremove #卸载所有自动安装且不再使用的软件包
sudo apt-get update     #取回更新的软件包列表信息
sudo apt-get upgrade    #*** 补丁升级

cd /usr/bin
sudo rm gcc g++
sudo ln -s gcc-4.4 gcc
sudo ln -s g++-4.4 g++
再查看gcc和g++版本号：
gcc -v
g++ -v

vim ~/.ssh/ssh_config
sudo vim /etc/ssh/ssh_config
#GSSAPIAuthentication yes
#GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no
TCPKeepAlive yes
ServerAliveInterval 60
ServerAliveCountMax 6

sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config    
//在sshd_config末尾处插入如下行
TCPKeepAlive yes
ClientAliveInterval 60
ClientAliveCountMax 6
UseDNS no
PermitRootLogin yes

sudo service ssh restart

ssh -o TCPKeepAlive=yes -o ServerAliveInterval=60 [email protected] -p 12345678

// samba 配置
sudo apt-get install -y git automake autoconf samba smbclient samba-common minicom python-glade2 system-config-samba nfs-kernel-server nfs-common

sudo smbpasswd -a wlj    
sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[wljhome]
    comment = wljhome
    path = /home/wlj
    writeable = yes
;   browseable = yes
    valid users = wlj
    
sudo service smbd restart

// 禁用guest用户
sudo vim /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf
allow-guest=false


vim .bashrc
export ANDROID_HOME=/home/wlj/android-sdk
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_HOME}/tools:${ANDROID_HOME}/platform-tools

vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk
export JAVA_FONTS=$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/fonts
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export JAVA_PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$JAVA_PATH:$PATH


sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/java/bin/java 300   
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/java/bin/javac 300    
sudo update-alternatives --config java

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/jdk1.8.0_101
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/java 300  
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/javac 300  
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/jar 300   
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javah javah /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/javah 300   
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javap javap /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/javap 300   
然后执行:
sudo update-alternatives --config java

sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-7-oracle
sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-8-oracle

$ sudo vim /etc/default/locale
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
LANGUAGE="en_US:en"    
LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LANGUAGE="zh_CN:zh"
sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
sudo update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8

sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
sudo update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
sudo update-locale LANG="en_US" LANGUAGE="en_US.UTF-8"


备份Ubuntu更新包与软件包 重装时不必再重新下载

安装好Ubuntu之后，一般要先apt-get update ，然后，apt-get upgrade，使自己的系统保持最新状态。
所下载的软件包一般放在/var/cache/apt/archives/目录下，一次更新后，往往会产生几百MB的临时文件。
可以将此目录下所有的deb文件备份下，以后重新安装系统时就不需要重新下载了。
那么大家在Ubuntu重装系统之前，将/var/cache/apt/archives/目录复制到另一个非系统分区（win fat分区也可以），例如/media/hda5/archives，重装后，先删除/var/cache/apt/目录下的archives目录，再直接在/var/cache/apt/下新建一个软连接archives，指向刚才所作的备份，如/media/hda5/archives，就可以了！
下次重装完了在更新的时候，会直接从备份的目录里调用软件包，若备份的目录里没有才会从网上下载，这样就大大节省了时间。　
deb文件备份方法
sudo cp /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /backup/deb
/backup 是我电脑的一个分区
重新安装系统后，可以在终端输入以下命令：
cd /backup/deb/ 在终端进入备份的目录
sudo cp *.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/ 复制所有文件到/var/cache/apt/archives/ 目录
sudo apt-get update 更新


备份与清理
    备份快速设置已下载的部分软件包，以便重装系统再次使用，免去重新下载的时间
tar cizvf backup.tar.gz /var/cache/apt/archives --exclude=/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/* --exclude=/var/cache/apt/archives/lock
            重装系统，设置好源列表后，导入已备份的软件包即可，操作方法：sudo apt-get update && sudo tar xzvf backup.tar.gz -C /
清理
sudo apt clean
rm -rf ~/.thumbnails/fail/gnome-thumbnail-factory/*