Mapper.xml详解

 我们知道,每一款框架产品在实际开发中,都是通过XML文件来培训框架的相关流程的,MyBatis也不例外,主要有两个配置文件:config.xml和Mapper.xml,当然,这两种配置文件可以自定义文件名。

config.xml是全局配置文件,主要配置MyBatis的数据源(DataSource),事务管理(TransactionManager),以及打印SQL语句,开启二级缓存,设置实体类别名等功能。

Mapper.xml的作用是什么?我们之前介绍过,MyBatis是"半自动"的ORM框架,即SQL语句需要开发者自定义,MyBatis的关注点在POJO与SQL之间的映射关系。那么SQL语句在哪里配置自定义呢?就在Mapper.xml中配置。

首先来介绍Mapper.xml常用属性:

parameterType:参数数据类型

(1)基本数据类型,通过id查询User。
UserDao:

//通过id查找User
public User getById(int id);

UserDao.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper>
    <select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.xf.pojo.User">
        SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE id=#{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

(2)String类型,通过name查User

UserDao:

//通过name查询User
public User getByName(String name);

UserDao.xml:

<select id="get2" parameterType="java.lang.String" resultType="com.xf.pojo.User">
       select * from t_user where name = #{name}
</select>

(3)包装类,通过id查询User。

UserDao:

//通过id查询User
public User getById(Integer id);

UserDao.xml:

<select id="getById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultType="com.xf.pojo.User">
       select * from t_user where id=#{id}
</select>

(4)多个参数,通过name和age查询User。两个参数分别是String类型和int类型,类型不一致,所以此时parameterType可以省略,通过参数下标取出参数值

UserDao:

//通过nameage查询User
public User getByNameAge(int id,String name);

UserDao.xml:

<select id="getByNameAge" resultType="com.xf.pojo.User">
       select * from t_user where name = #{0} and age = #{1}
</select>

(5)POJO,很显然,当有多个参数时,一个一个写太麻烦了,这时候我们可以将参数列表进行封装,将封装对象作为parameterType的值。

UserDao:

//根据Usesr封装对象查询User
public User getByUser(User user);

UserDao.xml:

<select id="getByUser" parameterType="com.xf.pojo.User" resultType="com.xf.pojo.User">
       select * from t_user where name = #{name} and age = #{age}
</select>

resultType:结果类型

(1)基本数据类型,统计User总数。

UserDao:

//通过User总数量
public int getCount();

UserDao.xml:

<select id="getCount" resultType="int">
       select count(*) from t_user
</select>

(2)包装类,统计User总数。

UserDao:

//通过User总数量
public Integer getCount();

UserDao.xml:

<select id="getCount" resultType="java.lang.Integer">
       select count(*) from t_user
</select>

(3)String类型,根据id查询User的name值。

UserDao:

//根据id查询Username
public String getNameById(int id);

UserDao.xml:

<select id="getNameById" parameterType="int" resultType="java.lang.String">
       select name from user where id = #{name}
</select>

(4)POJO,如通过id查询User,上面已经介绍过了,这里就不再重复了。

级联查询

一对多

我们现在查询的User是单表查询,如果是多表关联查询,比如查询Student同时级联对应的Classes,如何处理呢?

使用resultType无法完成,我们以通过id查询Student来举例。

SQL:

select * from student as s,classes as c where s.cid = c.c_id and s.id = 1; 

查询结果:


实体类Student:

package com.xf.pojo;

public class Student {

    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String address;
    private String tel;
    private int score;
    private Classes classes;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getTel() {
        return tel;
    }

    public void setTel(String tel) {
        this.tel = tel;
    }

    public int getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(int score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    public Classes getClasses() {
        return classes;
    }

    public void setClasses(Classes classes) {
        this.classes = classes;
    }
}

Classes:

package com.xf.pojo;

import java.util.List;

public class Classes {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private List<Student> students;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public List<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }

    public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
        this.students = students;
    }
}

MyBatis会自动将结果与实体类进行映射,将字段的值赋给对应的属性,若字段名与属性名一致,完成赋值,那么问题来了。


如图,id,name,address,tel,score属性可以对应字段,classes属性没有对应的字段,准确的讲,classes属性需要对应的对象为c_id,c_name封装起来的对象。

此时,需要使用resultMap来完成映射。

StudentDao:

//通过id查询Student
public Student getById(int id);
StudentDao.xml,使用association标签配置classes级联,因为一个Student只能对应一个Classes。

<resultMap type="student" id="studentMap">
       <id property="id" column="id"/>
       <result property="name" column="name"/>
       <result property="address" column="address"/>
       <result property="tel" column="tel"/>
       <result property="score" column="score"/>
       <!-- 映射classes属性 -->
       <association property="classes" javaType="com.xf.pojo.Classes">
           <id property="id" column="c_id"/>
           <result property="name" column="c_name"/>
       </association>
</resultMap>

<select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultMap="studentMap">
   select * from student as s,classes as c where s.cid = c.c_id and s.id = #{id};
</select>

同理,反过来查询Classes,将级联的所有Student一并查询。

ClassesDao:

//根据id查询Classes
public Classes getById(int id);
ClassesDao.xml,使用collection标签配置students级联,因为一个Classes可以对应多个Student。

<resultMap type="classes" id="classesMap">
   <id property="id" column="c_id"/>
   <result property="name" column="c_name"/>
   <!-- 映射students属性 -->
   <collection property="students" ofType="student">
           <id property="id" column="id"/>
           <result property="name" column="name"/>
           <result property="address" column="address"/>
           <result property="tel" column="tel"/>
           <result property="score" column="score"/>
       </collection>
</resultMap>

<select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultMap="classesMap">
   select * from classes as c,student as s where c.c_id = s.cid and c.c_id = #{id};
</select>
需要注意的是:association标签,通过设置javaType属性,映射实体类,

collection标签,通过设置ofType属性映射实体类。


多对多


多对多其实是双向的一对多关系,我们用Customer和Goods来举例,

一个Customer可以对应多个Goods,一个Goods也可以对应多个Customer,所以双方都是用collection标签设置级联。

Customer:

package com.xf.pojo;

import java.util.List;

public class Customer {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private List<Goods> goods;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public List<Goods> getGoods() {
        return goods;
    }

    public void setGoods(List<Goods> goods) {
        this.goods = goods;
    }
}

Goods:

package com.xf.pojo;

import java.util.List;

public class Goods {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private List<Customer> customers;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public List<Customer> getCustomers() {
        return customers;
    }

    public void setCustomers(List<Customer> customers) {
        this.customers = customers;
    }
}

CustomerDao:

//根据id查询Customer
public Customer getById(int id);

CustomerDao.xml:

<resultMap type="customer" id="customerMap">
       <id property="id" column="c_id"/>
       <result property="name" column="c_name"/>
       <!-- 映射goods属性 -->
       <collection property="goods" ofType="goods">
           <id property="id" column="g_id"/>
           <result property="name" column="g_name"/>
       </collection>
</resultMap>

<select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultMap="customerMap">
   select * from customer as c,goods as g,
   customer_goods as cg where c.c_id = cg.c_id
   and g.g_id =c g.g_id and c.c_id = #{id};
</select>

GoodsDao:

//根据id查询Goods
public Goods getById(int id);

GoodsDao.xml:

<resultMap type="goods" id="goodsMap">
       <id property="id" column="g_id"/>
       <result property="name" column="g_name"/>
       <!-- 映射customers属性 -->
       <collection property="customers" ofType="customer">
           <id property="id" column="c_id"/>
           <result property="name" column="c_name"/>
       </collection>
</resultMap>

<select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultMap="goodsMap">
   select * from customer as c,
   goods as g,customer_goods as cg
   where c.c_id = cg.c_id and g.g_id
   = cg.g_id and g.g_id = #{id};
</select>


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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_36850813/article/details/80037363