Spring MVC配置及测试

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今天学习了SpringMVC框架的配置和测试,所以记录以便查找。

开发工具:Eclipse,Tomcat

1.创建一个web项目,然后导入jar包

所需要的jar包(除了第一个,其它的都是spring框架的jar包):
  • commons-logging-1.1.3.jar(Struts2框架中的jar包)
  • spring-aop-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar
  • spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar
  • spring-context-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar
  • spring-core-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar
  • spring-expression-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar
  • spring-web-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar
  • spring-webmvc-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar
  • jstl-1.2.jar (加入该jar包是为了后面遍历集合更方便,如果不需要可以不加或删掉)

2.配置web.xml文件

进行web.xml配置,可参考spring官方网文档的    22.2 The DispatcherServlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>SpringMVCProject</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  	<!-- 配置核心 servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
         <!-- springMVC的配置文件指定位置 -->
        <init-param>
        	<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        	<param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 在项目启动时就加载springMVC的配置 -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
	<!-- 配置servlet的访问路径 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
  
  
</web-app>

3.创建Controller

3.1 实现Controller接口

3.1.1 在src目录下新建一个包,包下新建一个类,该类实现Controller接口


package com.springmvc.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class ContorllerTest implements Controller {

	@Override
	public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		mav.addObject("username", "zhangsan");
		//执行完后,要返回一个页面
		mav.setViewName("/index.jsp");
		return mav;
	}

}

3.1.2 创建index.jsp页面


<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h1>我的第一个SpringMVC项目</h1>
	<h2>${username }</h2>
	<h2>${age }</h2>
</body>
</html>

3.1.3 配置SpringMVC配置文件,新建一个SpringMVC.xml文件,官方配置:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

</beans>

我们当然不能直接用官方的,需要改一下("/ContorllerTest
" 实现Controller接口 配置Controller的访问路径,为了兼容低版本,这里最好使用name):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

	<!-- 打开注解 -->
	<context:annotation-config />
	<!-- 扫描注解的包 ,会扫描子包 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc"></context:component-scan>
	
	<!-- <mvc:annotation-driven/>-->
	<bean name="/ContorllerTest" class="com.springmvc.controller.ContorllerTest"></bean>
	
	
</beans>

3.1.4 打开浏览器,在地址栏输入“http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCProject/ContorllerTest”:




3.2 实现HttpRequestHandler接口

3.2.1 新建一个类,实现HttpRequestHandler接口:


package com.springmvc.controller;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.HttpRequestHandler;

public class HelloController implements HttpRequestHandler {

	@Override
	public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		System.out.println("HelloController..");
	}

}

3.2.2 修改SpringMVC配置文件


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

	<!-- 打开注解 -->
	<context:annotation-config />
	<!-- 扫描注解的包 ,会扫描子包 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc"></context:component-scan>
	
	<!-- <mvc:annotation-driven/>-->
	<!-- 实现Controller接口 配置Controller的访问路径,为了兼容低版本,这里最好使用name -->
	<bean name="/ContorllerTest" class="com.springmvc.controller.ContorllerTest"></bean>
	 <!-- 实现HttpRequestHandler接口 -->
	<bean name="/Hello" class="com.springmvc.controller.HelloController"></bean>
	
</beans>

3.2.3 打开浏览器,地址栏输入“http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCProject/Hello”

你会发现在Eclipse控制台打印出了“HelloController..”

3.3 自己定义Controller,使用注解的方式

3.3.1 新建MyThirdController类,类中定义几个方法

package com.springmvc.controller;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/**
 * 第三种Contller的实现方式,使用注解
 * @author oracleOAEC11
 *
 */
@Controller
public class MyThirdController {

	/**
	 * 获取所有的用户
	 * 获取所有的用户 value = "/getUsers" 访问路径,要使用value method=RequestMethod.GET
	 * 可以指定get或post请求
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getUsers",method=RequestMethod.GET)
	public ModelAndView getUsers() {
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		// 添加对象,相当于 request.setAttribute
		mav.addObject("username", "lisi");
		//执行完后,要返回一个页面
		mav.setViewName("/index.jsp");
		return mav;
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(value = "/getModelAndView")
	public ModelAndView getModelAndView() {
		// new 一个ModelAndView
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		mav.addObject("username", "wangwu");
		Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
		map.put("pwd", "123456");
		map.put("age", 20);
		//添加多个属性使用Map
		mav.addAllObjects(map);
		
		// 添加list数据类型
		List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
		list.add("Alice");
		list.add("tom");
		list.add("jack");
		mav.addObject("list",list);
		// 执行完成以后,要返回的一个页面 转发
		mav.setViewName("redirect:/index.jsp");
		return mav;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回string
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value = "/returnString")
	public String returnString() {
		System.out.println("调用了returnString方法");
		return "index.jsp";
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(value = "/viewResolverTest")
	public ModelAndView viewResolverTest() {
		// new 一个ModelAndView
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		// 添加对象,相当于 request.setAttribute
		mav.addObject("username", "lisi");
		Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		map.put("pwd", "123456");
		map.put("age", 20);
		// 添加多个属性,使用map
		mav.addAllObjects(map);

		// 添加list数据类型
		List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
		list.add("Alice");
		list.add("Tom");
		list.add("Jack");
		mav.addObject("list", list);
		// 执行完成以后,要返回的一个页面 转发   使用视图解析器,
		// 转发的路径为:prefix + projectlist + suffix
		// 如果要跳转的页面不在视图解析器的范围内,就要使用全路径跳转,
		// 并且指定跳转方式 forward或redirect 如:mav.setViewName("forward:/index.jsp");
		mav.setViewName("projectList");
		return mav;
	}
}

打开浏览器,在地址栏输入“http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCProject/returnString”

4.配置视图解析器

4.1在WebContent目录下新建projectManager文件夹,文件夹中新建两个jsp页面:projectList.jsp



<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h1>用户列表</h1>
${projectName }<br>
${projectCode }<br>
${projectType }<br>
</body>
</html>


4.2 修改SpringMVC.xml配置文件


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

	<!-- 打开注解 -->
	<context:annotation-config />
	<!-- 扫描注解的包 ,会扫描子包 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc"></context:component-scan>
	
	<!-- <mvc:annotation-driven/>-->
	<!-- 实现Controller接口 配置Controller的访问路径,为了兼容低版本,这里最好使用name -->
	<bean name="/ContorllerTest" class="com.springmvc.controller.ContorllerTest"></bean>
	 <!-- 实现HttpRequestHandler接口 -->
	<bean name="/Hello" class="com.springmvc.controller.HelloController"></bean>
	
	<!-- 视图解析器 -->
	 
	<bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">
	    <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
	    <!-- 前缀 -->
	    <property name="prefix" value="/projectManager/"/>
	    <!-- 后缀 -->
	    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
	</bean>
	
</beans>


4.3 修改MyThirdController类中方法返回的页面


package com.springmvc.controller;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/**
 * 第三种Contller的实现方式,使用注解
 * @author oracleOAEC11
 *
 */
@Controller
public class MyThirdController {

	/**
	 * 获取所有的用户
	 * 获取所有的用户 value = "/getUsers" 访问路径,要使用value method=RequestMethod.GET
	 * 可以指定get或post请求
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/getUsers",method=RequestMethod.GET)
	public ModelAndView getUsers() {
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		// 添加对象,相当于 request.setAttribute
		mav.addObject("username", "lisi");
		//执行完后,要返回一个页面
		mav.setViewName("../index");
		return mav;
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(value = "/getModelAndView")
	public ModelAndView getModelAndView() {
		// new 一个ModelAndView
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		mav.addObject("username", "wangwu");
		Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
		map.put("pwd", "123456");
		map.put("age", 20);
		//添加多个属性使用Map
		mav.addAllObjects(map);
		
		// 添加list数据类型
		List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
		list.add("Alice");
		list.add("tom");
		list.add("jack");
		mav.addObject("list",list);
		// 执行完成以后,要返回的一个页面 转发
		mav.setViewName("redirect:/index.jsp");
		return mav;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回string
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value = "/returnString")
	public String returnString() {
		System.out.println("调用了returnString方法");
		return "../index";
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(value = "/viewResolverTest")
	public ModelAndView viewResolverTest() {
		// new 一个ModelAndView
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		// 添加对象,相当于 request.setAttribute
		mav.addObject("username", "lisi");
		Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		map.put("pwd", "123456");
		map.put("age", 20);
		// 添加多个属性,使用map
		mav.addAllObjects(map);

		// 添加list数据类型
		List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
		list.add("Alice");
		list.add("Tom");
		list.add("Jack");
		mav.addObject("list", list);
		// 执行完成以后,要返回的一个页面 转发   使用视图解析器,
		// 转发的路径为:prefix + projectlist + suffix
		// 如果要跳转的页面不在视图解析器的范围内,就要使用全路径跳转,
		// 并且指定跳转方式 forward或redirect 如:mav.setViewName("forward:/index.jsp");
		mav.setViewName("projectList");
		return mav;
	}
}


打开浏览器,在地址栏输入“http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCProject/getUsers”

总结

通过本次项目的配置与测试,学习了SpringMVC的简单配置,途中也遇到了“404”,但与以往相比更少了,更多的问题则是出现在编写配置文件的过程中,目前还没有遇到比较大的问题,以后会继续注意Java的编写习惯和减少犯错的几率。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/Mliangydy/article/details/78332818