一 创建容器
可以使用docker create命令新建一个容器。
[root@localhost ~]# docker create -it ubuntu:latest
5097a7a94472e22bcc38f0d2fe4a1fcf2ab49b047a261f9f62da4ac5a89c27b9
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5097a7a94472 ubuntu:latest "/bin/bash" 16 seconds ago Created dreamy_euclid
e422f73a5651 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago fervent_poincare
bf67651b183f ubuntu:latest "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 3 hours ago fervent_volhard
e26a0172a0aa ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago desperate_aryabhata
fc7112c18128 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (137) 4 hours ago infallible_kilby
8b58c26d093d ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago stoic_yalow
6df454abad9a ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'Hello wor" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 5 hours ago clever_varahamihira
70574cff1a52 hello-world "/hello" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 5 hours ago stupefied_panini
使用docker create命令新建的容器处于停止状态，可以使用docker start命令来启动它。
[root@localhost ~]# docker start 5097a7a94472
5097a7a94472
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5097a7a94472 ubuntu:latest "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Up 42 seconds dreamy_euclid
e422f73a5651 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago fervent_poincare
bf67651b183f ubuntu:latest "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 3 hours ago fervent_volhard
e26a0172a0aa ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago desperate_aryabhata
fc7112c18128 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 5 hours ago Exited (137) 4 hours ago infallible_kilby
8b58c26d093d ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 5 hours ago stoic_yalow
6df454abad9a ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'Hello wor" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 5 hours ago clever_varahamihira
70574cff1a52 hello-world "/hello" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 5 hours ago stupefied_panini
二 新建并启动容器
下面的命令输出一个“Hello World”，之后容器自动终止。
[root@localhost ~]# docker run ubuntu /bin/echo 'Hello world'
Hello world
利用docker run来创建并启动容器时，Docker在后台运行的标准操作包括：
1、检查本地是否存在指定的镜像，不存在就从共有仓库下载。
2、利用镜像创建并启动一个容器。
3、分配一个文件系统，并在只读的进行层外面挂载一层可读可写。
4、从宿主主机配置的网桥接口中桥接一个虚拟接口到容器中去。
5、从地址池配置一个IP地址给容器
6、执行完用户指定的应用程序。
7、执行完毕后容器被终止。
在容器内用ps命令查看进程，可以看到，只运行了bash应用，并没有运行其他不需要的进程。
用户可以按Ctrl+d或输入exit命令来退出容器。
root@93a1e1c730f0:/# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
1 ? 00:00:00 bash
10 ? 00:00:00 ps
root@93a1e1c730f0:/# exit
exit
三 容器的停止和启动
1、docker stop
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
7c60a8165ee1f13c2397c13b399ed6560833cb3db35cc06851f0b81dd4b32a58
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7c60a8165ee1 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 29 seconds ago Up 26 seconds cranky_shirley
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 7c6
7c6
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2、docker start
处于终止的容器，可以通过docker start命令来重新启动
[root@localhost ~]# docker start 7c6
7c6
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7c60a8165ee1 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 minutes ago Up 4 seconds cranky_shirley
3、docker restart
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart 7c6
7c6
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7c60a8165ee1 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 minutes ago Up 2 seconds cranky_shirley
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 7c6
7c6
四 进入容器
1、attach命令
attach命令是Docker自带的命令，如果想进入容器操作，可执行此命令。
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -idt ubuntu
f9db2f923a8cf9587c1769d847677310d726f8c82a2e89579adbf20735f2c343
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f9db2f923a8c ubuntu "/bin/bash" 12 seconds ago Up 9 seconds small_wing
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach small_wing
root@f9db2f923a8c:/#
2、exec命令
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -idt ubuntu
8b6655b34fbb926f3713a519fd764c665d16e71bac76996a5c11f0da536dc342
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -ti 8b66 /bin/bash
root@8b6655b34fbb:/#
五 删除容器
1、可以使用docker rm命令删除处于终止状态的容器。
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cf6b48960740 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 8 seconds ago Up 5 seconds peaceful_mahavira
8b6655b34fbb ubuntu "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes admiring_aryabhata
f9db2f923a8c ubuntu "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago small_wing
7c60a8165ee1 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 21 minutes ago Exited (137) 16 minutes ago cranky_shirley
93a1e1c730f0 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 31 minutes ago Exited (0) 29 minutes ago sick_curran
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm f9d
f9d
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cf6b48960740 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" About a minute ago Up About a minute peaceful_mahavira
8b6655b34fbb ubuntu "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes admiring_aryabhata
7c60a8165ee1 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 22 minutes ago Exited (137) 17 minutes ago cranky_shirley
93a1e1c730f0 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 32 minutes ago Exited (0) 30 minutes ago sick_curran
2、如果要删除一个运行中的容器，可以添加-f 参数。
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f cf6
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8b6655b34fbb ubuntu "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes admiring_aryabhata
7c60a8165ee1 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 24 minutes ago Exited (137) 19 minutes ago cranky_shirley
93a1e1c730f0 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 34 minutes ago Exited (0) 32 minutes ago sick_curran
六 导出和导入容器
1、导出容器
导出容器是指导出一个已经创建的容器到一个文件，不管此时这个容器是否处于运行状态，可以使用docker export命令，该命令格式为docker export CONTAINER。
导出容器到文件test.tar中
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a993263fcaa1 ubuntu "-t -i /bin/bash" 53 minutes ago Created grave_hodgkin
9ec4ef73572a ubuntu "-i -t /bin/bash" 53 minutes ago Created elegant_sammet
05e8791de1c7 ubuntu "-it /bin/bash" 54 minutes ago Created furious_leavitt
5097a7a94472 ubuntu:latest "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago dreamy_euclid
e422f73a5651 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago fervent_poincare
fc7112c18128 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 6 hours ago Exited (137) 6 hours ago infallible_kilby
[root@localhost ~]# docker export fc > test.tar
2、导入容器
导出的文件又可以使用docker import命令导入，成为镜像。
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/httpd 2.2 3624a4b77da8 2 weeks ago 169.9 MB
docker.io/ubuntu latest 0ef2e08ed3fa 2 weeks ago 130 MB
docker.io/hello-world latest 48b5124b2768 9 weeks ago 1.84 kB
docker.io/ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 7 months ago 137.2 MB
[root@localhost ~]# cat test1.tar |docker import - test/while
sha256:cf1473016855cd216787c3b86cc7c84b8130e6025dbf6a27414c3e43fc5c2d7c
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test/while latest cf1473016855 43 seconds ago 118.8 MB
docker.io/httpd 2.2 3624a4b77da8 2 weeks ago 169.9 MB
docker.io/ubuntu latest 0ef2e08ed3fa 2 weeks ago 130 MB
docker.io/hello-world latest 48b5124b2768 9 weeks ago 1.84 kB
docker.io/ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 7 months ago 137.2 MB