一、Tomcat安装
1.下载jdk，Tomcat,解压到/usr/local/
2.配置jdk环境：# vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_171
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$CLASSPATH
# source /etc/profile
3.修改Tomcat首页：# cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.1/webapps/
# rm -rf !(ROOT)
# rm -rf ROOT/*
# echo "192.168.11.199" >ROOT/index.html
4.启动Tomcat
二、nginx安装
1.下载源码包，解压到/usr/local/
2.安装编译依赖：# yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl--devel pcre pcre-devel
3.编译：# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/bin/nginx --with-http_ssl_module
4.安装：# make && make install
5.启动：# nginx
三、负载均衡
1.ssl认证
私钥：# openssl genrsa -des3 -out jason.key 1024
数字证书： # openssl req -new -key jason.key -out jason.csr
去除访问密码：# openssl rsa -in jason.key -out jason-np.key
公钥：# openssl x509 -req -days 366 -in jason.csr -signkey jason-np.key -out jason.crt
2.修改nginx配置文件：# vim /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#全局配置
worker_processes 1;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
#events配置
events {
use epoll;
accept_mutex on;
multi_accept on;
worker_connections 1024;
}
#HTTP配置
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 64k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
server_tokens off; # 隐藏nginx版本号
proxy_cache_key '$host:$server_port$request_uri';
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
proxy_ignore_headers X-Accel-Expires Expires Cache-Control Set-Cookie;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on; #开启错误页面
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] requesthost:"$http_host"; "$request" requesttime:"$request_time"; '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" - $request_body'
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #设置日志输出格式
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; #成功日志格式调用log_format
gzip on; #开启页面压缩，提高页面打开速度
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 16 64K;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml application/javascript;
gzip_vary on;
upstream tomcat_server
{
server 192.168.11.199:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.11.196:8080 weight=2;
}
server
{
listen 443;
server_name 192.168.11.199;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /opt/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt; #公钥
ssl_certificate_key /opt/nginx/ssl/nginx.key; #私钥
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
location /
{ proxy_pass http://tomcat_server; } #负载
}
server
{
listen 70;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
server
{
listen 71;
root html;
index index.html;
error_page 404 = /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 = /50x.html;
}
}
3.编写日志分割脚本
#!/bin/bash
#此脚本用于自动分割Nginx的日志，包括access.log和error.log
#每天00:00执行此脚本 将前一天的access.log重命名为access-xxxx-xx-xx.log格式，并重新打开日志文件
#Nginx日志文件所在目录
LOG_PATH=/var/log/nginx/
#获取昨天的日期
YESTERDAY=$(date -d "yesterday" +%Y-%m-%d)
#获取pid文件路径
PID=/var/run/nginx.pid
#分割日志
mv ${LOG_PATH}access.log ${LOG_PATH}access-${YESTERDAY}.log
mv ${LOG_PATH}error.log ${LOG_PATH}error-${YESTERDAY}.log
#向Nginx主进程发送USR1信号，重新打开日志文件
kill -USR1 `cat ${PID}`
chmod +x /opt/nginx/conf/log_cut.sh
4.相关测试
1.gzip压缩测试：# curl -I -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate" "192.168.11.199"
2.nginx版本号：F12查看页面
3.日志分割：# ll /var/log/nginx
4.日志输出格式：# tail -f /var/log/access-2018-11-08.log
5.错误页面：http://192.168.11.199:71/djkf
5.压力测试(ApacheBench)：# yum -y install httpd-tools
关闭ssl认证测试：
# ab -c 500 -n 20000 http://192.168.11.199:80/index.html #一次5000并发，请求总数为200000
Concurrency Level: 500 #一次请求量
Time taken for tests: 10.484 seconds #耗时
Complete requests: 20000 #完成请求
Failed requests: 6666 #请求失败
开启ssl认证测试：
# ab -c 500 -n 20000 https://192.168.11.199:443/index.html
Concurrency Level: 500
Time taken for tests: 27.011 seconds
Complete requests: 20000
Failed requests: 6667
6.nginx调优：
1.worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; #文件打开数量
worker_connections 65535; #单个进程最大连接数
sendfile on； #开启高效文件传输模式
tcp_nopush on； #防止网路阻塞
fastcgi_connect_timeout 600; #指定连接到后端FastCGI的超时时间。
fastcgi_send_timeout 600; #向FastCGI传送请求的超时时间。
fastcgi_read_timeout 600; #指定接收FastCGI应答的超时时间。
7..系统层面
1.文件资源限制的配置：# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
* soft noproc 65535
* hard noproc 65535
#logout重新登录查看# ulimit -n
2.内核参数：# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 #出现禁用 IPv4 包转送
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 #源路由核查功能
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 #禁用所有IP源路由
kernel.sysrq = 0 #禁用SysRq（组合键）功能
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 #控制core文件的文件名中是否添加pid作为扩展
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 //这四行标红内容，一般是发现大量TIME_WAIT时的解决办法
kernel.msgmnb = 65536 #每个消息队列的最大字节限制。
kernel.msgmax = 65536 #整个系统的最大数量的消息队列
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 #定义单个共享内存段的最大值
kernel.shmall = 4294967296 #控制共享内存页数
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 #启用有选择的应答
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 #设置tcp/ip会话的滑动窗口大小是否可变
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304 #为每个TCP连接分配的读、写缓冲区内存大小
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304 #为每个TCP连接分配的读、写缓冲区内存大小
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 # 发送套接字缓冲区大小的默认值
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 #接收套接字缓冲区大小的默认值
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144 #每个网络接口接收数据包的速率比内核处理这些包的速率快时，允许送到队列的数据包的最大数目
net.core.somaxconn = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 //#开启TCP时间戳，这个选择最好加上
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 #服务端收到sys，还未发出syn+ack
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 //开启此功能可以减少TIME-WAIT状态，但是NAT网络模式下打开有可能会导致tcp连接错误，慎重。
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 6553500
# sysctl -p